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范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文,仅供参考,一起来看看吧
1、教材的地位与作用
本节课是解简易方程的第一课时,是在学生学习的四则运算及四则运算各部分间的关系和学生已具有的初步的代数知识(如:用字母表示数,求未知数x)的基础上进行教学。而今天学习的内容又为后面学习解方程和列方程解应用题做准备。今后学习分数应用题、几何初步知识、比和比例等内容时都要直接运用。所以本节课起着一个承上启下的作用,是教材中必不可少的组成部分,是一个非常重要的基础知识,所以它又是本章的重点内容之一。
2、教学目标的确定
根据学生已有的认知基础和教材的地位与作用,参照课标确定本节课的目标:
⑴使学生初步理解方程、方程解和解方程的意义,了解方程解和解方程的区别。
⑵理解方程与等式的关系,掌握解方程的一般步骤。
⑶培养学生的观察、抽象、概括能力。
3、教学重点、难点、关键点
根据教材内容和教学目标,我认为本节课的重难点是方程的意义及方程解等概念,解决重难点的关键是帮助学生从形象的平衡中认识抽象的等量,结合具体例子加深学生对概念的理解。
本节课的教学对象是小学高年级学生,他们形象思维较好,但抽象思维还需要一个慢慢的训练过程,所以本节课我使用直观演示、观察、比较、启发引导,讲解与学生练习相结合的教学方法,在一连串的环节中充分地调动学生学习的主动性,培养学生良好的学习习惯。为了帮助学生理解,我准备使用天平、挂图等手段进行辅助教学。
在教学中,我采用从直观到抽象,从一般到特殊的方式组织教学,让学生在观察、比较中学习,培养学生观察、抽象、概括能力,和善于思考、善于学习的良好习惯。
本节课我准备按以下几个环节进行教学:
1、加强直观操作,使学生理解方程的含义。
一开始上课,我就直接通过天平演示,使学生利用平衡这一认知基础去认识等式,理解等式的实质意义,并在此基础上通过操作、演示,让学生用含有未知数的式子表示天平平衡关系,从而认识了含有未知数的等式。再出示篮球图,学生在观察图的基础上,充分利用已有知识,自主用含有未知数的等式表示篮球个数、单价、总价间的关系,有效地丰富了学生对含有未知数的等式的认识和理解。通过对等式的比较,让学生自主概括出方程的含义
2、结合实例进行比较,渗透集合思想
在等式与方程的关系的教学中,充分利用黑板上板书的等式和方程,让学生在认识等式和方程的基础上,引导学生自主画图,用图来形象直观地表示等式与方程的关系,从而深化学生对方程本质含义的把握,自然地渗透集合思想。
3、让学生在感性认识的基础上,培养学生的概括能力。
在讲解方程的解和解方程的意义时,我结合具体的实例,让学生在感性认识的基础上引导学生概括它们的含义,有效地促进学生抽象概念能力的培养。
4、范例讲解
讲解例1解方程时,是根据四则运算各部分之间的关系来求解,这样充分利用了学生已有的知识基础,又可以加深对加、减法之间、乘除法之间相互关系的理解,学生容易接受。教学时,我让学生自己说出推想过程,一边板书,一边指出解题步骤和书写格式,然后着重讲解检验的方法及书写格式,并根据课本上的“注意”强调说明虽然不要求每题都写出检验,但都要口算进行检验,使学生养成良好的学习习惯。
5、巩固练习
本节课我准备安排两次巩固练习。当学生了解了方程的意义和方程与等式的关系后,我让学生完成第“做一做”,目的是通过判断进一步加深学生对方程意义的理解。教学例1后,我让学生分组完成例1后面“做一做”,其目的是通过练习,巩固新知,掌握好书写格式以及检验方法。
6、小结
小结的目的是强化重点,巩固新知,培养学生良好的学习习惯。
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1、设计意图:水是我们日常生活中不可缺少的,我们每天都离不开它,每个人离不开它,正因为水与我们生活的密切性,小朋友很早就接触并认识了它,可以说,儿童天生就爱玩水,在玩水的过程中,发现了很多有趣的而又新奇的现象。《新纲要》中指出,科学教育应密切联系儿童的实际生活进行,利用身边的事物与现象作为科学探索的对象。因此,我选择了物体在水中的“沉浮”现象,作为儿童科学教育内容,在活动中我为儿童提供了丰富的可操作的材料,为每个儿童都能运用多种感官、多种方式进行探索提供活动的条件,通过引导儿童积极参加小组讨论、探索等方式,培养了儿童合作学习的意识和能力,学会了用多种方式表现、交流、分享探索的过程和结果。
2、目标定位:
在新《纲要》中指出,五大领域的内容相互渗透,从不同的角度促进儿童情感、态度、能力、知识、技能等方面的发展,因此,根据儿童的年龄特点和实际情况,我制定了以下三个方面的目标:
(1)、对科学活动感兴趣,能积极动手探索,寻找答案。
(2)、初步了解物体的沉浮现象,并学习记录实验结果。
(3)、培养儿童的团结协助能力。
3、教学重、难点:
(1)、教学重点:了解物体的沉浮现象。
(2)、教学难点;学习记录实验结果。
4、活动准备:
根据《纲要》中指出的“提供丰富的可操作的材料,为每个儿童都能运用多种感官、多种方式进行
探索提供活动的条件。”我做了如下准备:
(1)、各种操作材料:大水盆、纸、木块、金属、石子、海绵、塑料、乒乓球、树叶、羽毛等日常生活中可收集的东西。
(2)、记录材料:标有上下标记的记录卡、记号笔。
在新《纲要》中指出,幼师应成为儿童学习活动的支持者、合作者、引导者,关注儿童在活动中的表现和反应,敏感地察觉他们的需要,及时以适当的方式应答,形成合作探究式的师生互动。因此,我采用了以下教法:
1、观察指导法:针对科学探索活动的随机性,以及儿童的自主建构过程,采取观察指导法是比较合适的,幼师通过敏锐地观察,能针对地进行指导,还能在观察中发现儿童感兴趣的事情以及其中所隐含的教育价值,把握时机,积极引导。
2、演示法:对于此活动中使用的记录卡,儿童并未见过,因此,幼师的演示是有必要的,通过幼师的讲解演示,可以让儿童直接了解记录卡的使用方法,减少了儿童盲目探索的
可能性。
《纲要》中指出,要尽量创造条件让儿童实际参加探究活动,使他们感受科学探究的过程和方法,体验发现的乐趣。因此,此次活动中,儿童的具体学法有:
1、操作法:这是此次活动中,儿童学习活动的主要方法。在新《纲要》中指出,幼师要为儿童的探究活动创造宽松的环境,让每个儿童都有机会参与尝试。因此,我为儿童准备了各种丰富的、可操作的材料,让儿童在操作的过程中,发现物体沉浮的秘密。
2、记录法;让儿童将探索结果记录下来,为儿童的讨论、交流活动提供依据。
3、体验交流法:在探索活动结束后,幼师组织儿童进行探讨、交流,发展了儿童的语言表达能力,也体现了师生互动,儿童与儿童的互动。
四、活动流程:
1、猜测活动(指导语:猜一猜,这些东西哪些会沉,哪些会浮?)
刚开始,幼师为儿童设置了一个悬念,通过猜测活动一下子将儿童的好奇心调动起来,为后面的探究活动奠定了基础。
2、操作
活动(指导语:请你来试一试,看结果和自己想的是否一样?)
这个环节的分组操作活动是此次活动的重点,幼师为儿童提供了丰富的、可操作的材料,并引导儿童进行分组探究,既提高了儿童的自主探究、动手动脑的能力,还培养了儿童的合作精神。在此环节中,幼师更多的是采用了间接指导和个别引导的办法。
3、认识活动(指导语:你知道这是什么标志吗?)
在这里,幼师通过讲解、示范让儿童认识了记录卡的使用方法以及“上浮”、“下沉”的标志,为接下来的记录活动做好准备。
4、记录活动(指导语:哪些东西会下沉,哪些东西会上浮,请你用沉与浮的标记记录下来,并出示记录表。)
通过记录,使儿童对各种物体在水中是沉还是浮一目了然,还为后面的总结交流活动提供了依据。
5、分类活动(指导语:请你把沉与浮的物体分类放在两个篮子里。)
分类活动,让儿童对物体的沉浮现象有所巩固。
6、交流总结活动(指导语:说说记录表,自己是如何操作的,发现了什么。)
在这里,幼师为儿童提供了一个宽松的环境,让儿童自己记录结果,儿童可以尽情表达,不仅发展了儿童的友语言,还拓宽了儿童思维。
7、延伸活动:(请儿童回去找一找,还有哪些东西会沉下水底,哪些东西会浮上水面,并说说它们沉、浮的原因。)
在这里,活动还没有结束,幼师让儿童带着问题继续探索,使儿童的兴趣持续下去,并寻找更深一步的`原因。
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学会倾听是一种非常重要而有效的学习能力。现在的学生自我意识逐渐强烈,开始寻求个性的彰显,所以在课堂学习中、与他人的交往中,常常会自我中心,急于表现自己。不会倾听,不能在倾听中获取更多的知识,常常因为课堂里不知道怎么听老师讲课而学习成绩提不高。不能在倾听中得到深厚的友情,常因不会倾听与他人闹别扭,不被理解。
本次辅导“以人为本”,强调“自我体验”,通过故事、游戏、讨论等活动形式,引起学生对不合格的倾听行为的认识。从而引导学生学会倾听,做一个合格的倾听者,更好地投入学习,更好地与他人相处。通过这次辅导,改变和提高学生的心理品质。
1.学生对不良的倾听行为有比较感性的认识,懂得不良的倾听对学习和生活的不良影响。
2.学生能掌握一些正确倾听的方法,从而更好地学习和生活。
3. 3.学生能初步养成良好的倾听习惯,提高心理品质。
故事、游戏,讨论
引导学生纠正不良的倾听习惯,培养良好的倾听习惯。
1.小品,情景剧的排演。
2.相关课件制作。
一、故事导入
1.讲故事:“小金人的故事”。 让学生思考:为什么我们每个人都有两只耳朵,却只有一张嘴。故事的概意是……
2.谈认识、感想。
3.明理揭示活动主题:故事隐含的道理是:最有价值的人,不一定是最会说的人。老天给我们两只耳朵一个嘴巴,本来就是让我们多听少说的。其次,善于倾听,这才是一个有价值的人具有的最基本的素质。我们要学会倾听。
(活动导入环节以故事的形式,从学生熟悉的身体器官耳朵和嘴开始,能引起学生的兴趣和注意,同时也很快地揭示了活动的主题:我们一起来学做一个善于倾听的人,学会倾听,这是我们在学习要培养的一种学习能力,也是我们要掌握的与人交往的一种能力。)
二、情景感悟
(一)“游戏”热身:“听雨”
1.说游戏规则
2.学生游戏
3、谈游戏感悟:为什么有些同学能做得最好呢,就是在游戏过程中,他们非常认真地在听!
(二)“短剧”深化:“课堂一景”
1.播放一个课件:“学生在上数学课的短剧”。大致情景是……
2.讨论:为什么在同样的课堂里由同样的老师教,学生的学习结果却大不相同。
3.小结明理:我们在学习的过程中学会专注的倾听是非常的重要的。学会倾听,可以提高我们的学习效率和成绩。
(游戏、情景剧都是小学生比较感兴趣的一种活动形式和教学手段,学生在亲自参与的活动中,在似曾相识的课堂学习场景里能有比较切身的感悟。我们的心理团辅活动就显得比较有实效,而不是空洞的说教)
三、“头脑风暴”导行
(一)提出问题,小组讨论:
1.课堂里我们要掌握哪些倾听的技巧,提高倾听的能力呢?
2.不同的科目我们要倾听什么?怎么倾听呢?
(二)全班交流,达成共识
1.倾听的方法和意义:倾听可不只是左耳朵、右耳朵的事,眼睛、嘴巴、四肢和身体、大脑都要一起来听。 具体内容……
2.倾听的内容和目的:
(“头脑风暴”的活动形式有利于给每个学生表达自己想法的机会,加大学生的参与面,同时也能提升学生问题解决的能力)
四、拓展总结
1.表演:安排一个学生表演的情景剧“当朋友向你倾诉时” 大概剧情是……
2.讨论:请大家谈谈,看了刚才的心理小短剧,有什么感受?更喜欢跟谁交朋友?
3.小结明理:“倾听不仅是一种学习能力,也是一种与人相处的交往能力。善于倾听的人,人际关系就越理想,当周围的人们意识到你能耐心倾听,他们会自然向你靠近。相反,不认真倾听的人,人们就会对他敬而远之,久而久之,只能是自己被孤立。
4.辅导员总结:
通过今天的心理团辅活动,我们发现倾听无所不在,生活离不开倾听,学习离不开倾听。借助于倾听,你可以知道历代智者的教诲;你可以了解外国文化的精粹;你可以从述说者那里获得宝贵的馈赠。同学们,让我们学会倾听吧,让我们沉静的坐下来,目光清澈地注视着对方,微微前倾你的身姿,那么,你就能听到心与心碰撞的清脆声响,宛若风铃,你就会感悟到书中的“黄金屋”。
(用一个“学生交往的情景剧”来拓展,可以增加我们的团辅活动的广度和深度。我们主要谈的是一种学习能力,但同时倾听也是一种社会交往能力。这样的拓展就比较自然)
五、音乐欣赏
1.播放:钢琴曲《秋日私语》
(这样安排与活动开头有一个呼应。也给学生一个学倾听的机会。)
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《购物小窍门》是三年级下册第四单元中第二课,本课共四个话题,一共分四课时进行教学,《我去商店买东西》是其中的第三个话题。
“我去商店买东西”其目的是教育学生在选购商品的过程中,既要精打细算,又要注意购物中的文明行为。围绕这个目标,结合现在学生普遍不会精打细算、理性消费,以及独自外出购买物品经验少的实际情况。本主题呈现以下内容:教材60页是一个问题情景,通过活动培养学生创造性解决问题的能力,61页对学生存在的消费问题进一步深化,消费不仅是个人的事情,也是一种社会行为,如果说前面的内容着眼于学生的个人消费意识,这一部分的内容则着眼于学生的公德意识,让学生知道超市购物时不论是乱拿乱放商品还是随意打开外包装,都是违反超市经营的不文明行为,62页通过学生调查活动,引导学生关注生活,发现广告对于大众消费的巨大影响。并通过拓展让学生在设计广告语的过程中,对广告需要的新颖、趣味性及真实性有感性的认识。
三年级学生已初步具有一定的社会视野,他们对购物知识有一定的了解,但学生普遍不会精打细算、理性消费,以及独自外出购买物品经验少的实际情况。因此,帮助学生建立正确的消费观念:合理消费、科学消费。将有助于他们走向生活、融入社会。
针对学生现状和教材的实际内容,我设定了三个教学目标:
1、了解本地的一些商业场所,调查、比较购物的一些方法,学习选购商品的初步知识,具备独立购买简单生活和学习用品的能力。
2、联系生活,学会文明消费,知道如何去购物。
3、了解广告的基本作用。
1. 帮助学生建立正确的消费观念:合理消费、科学消费。
2. 让学生明确购物过程中要注意的一些基本的行为规范。
3.了解广告的作用。
教学方法针对学生活泼好动的特点,在教法上,我主要采用创设情景、小组合作等活动方式。教学准备为了更好的完成教学目标,孩子们将调查购物中要注意的事项。我将准备ppt课件。
《品德与社会》课程标准倡导教师应是学生的支持者、指导者、参与者。因此,我将本课的教学内容设计为以下几个环节:(一) 动画导入,缩近距离;(二)合作交流,感知分享;(三)共同体验,分享快乐;(四)回归生活,体验快乐;(五)拓展延伸,共享快乐。下面我将依次为大家介绍。
(一)动画导入,缩近距离。播放视频《小熊请客》引出话题:“同学们,小熊邀请了很多的客人来家里做客,他要到超市去买好吃的回来招待他们,今天,就让我们一起随小熊去商店买东西。(板书课题:我去商店买东西)
(二)合作交流,感知分享。我会适时引入活动一“走进生活,学做聪明的小顾客”我主要从这几个方面来突破。首先请出购物小博士传授几招。(出示ppt方法一:成批地购物比较便宜;方法二:货比三家不吃亏; 方法三:学会讨价还价。)然后引导学生根据书中内容,以学习小组的形式完成购物方案。评价哪个小组设计的购物方案更为合理。班内评价,评出“购物我最棒”小组。
(三) 共同体验,分享快乐《品德与社会》课程标准指出:儿童是学习的主体,学生品德形成和社会性发展是在各种活动中通过自身与外界的相互作用来实现的。为此我设 计了第二个活动“模拟现场,学做文明顾客”首先播放视频,让学生思考这些顾客的做法对不对?看完视频学生畅所欲言。老师请学生表演,模拟现场购物。从表演 中学生能更深刻的明确购物过程中要注意的一些基本的行为规范。(不大声喧哗,不乱拿乱放,按顺序排队……)
(四)回归生活,体验快乐。回归生活是品德课的基本目标。因此我设计的第三个活动“走进广告,学做理性顾客”。我这样导入:在现实生活中,我们几乎随处能见到、听到各种各样的广告。现在,我就向大家展示一则广告,看一看,你从中都了解到了些什么?(ppt演示)小组讨论,班内交流:1、除了这样的动画广告,大家还知道哪些形式的广告?2、通过广告,你了解到哪些信息?通过交流,学生初步了解广告的作用,教师适时提醒广告也存在虚假。
(五) 拓展延伸,共享快乐。新课程一个特点就是给学生留有自由发展和创造的空间。广告是一种文化,优秀的广告除了给大家带来美的感受外,还能够给我们形象地介绍 某种商品的特点。那你们愿不愿意为你们喜欢的商品设计一条广告吗?在这一环节,我充分尊重学生的个体体验。让学生自由发挥。最后班内交流,班内评价,评选 出“最佳创意奖”。
我以学生原有的生活经验为基础,结合学生心理、生理特点,以及在实际中存在的问题,在活动中,充分体现学生的自主性与主动性。力求把教学活动与学生生活经验相结合,在参与合作中体验分享的快乐。使学生形成新的人生观和价值观。
《放飞蜻蜓》是苏教版小学语文三年级下册第六单元的最后一课,讲述教育家陶行知先生见一群孩子在捉蜻蜓,因势利导,教育孩子懂得蜻蜓是人类的好朋友,并放飞蜻蜓的故事。
教学目标:
1.能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
2.学会本课10个生字,两条绿线内的2个字只识不写。理解由生字组成的词语。
3.凭借对课文内容的朗读感悟,了解有关蜻蜓的科学知识,懂得蜻蜓是人类的好朋友,激发学生保护有益动物的意识;读中感悟陶行知对孩子的谆谆教诲。
教学重点:引导学生反复品味语言文字,练习读好人物的对话。
教学难点: 懂得蜻蜓是人类的好朋友,激发学生保护有益动物的情感;读中感悟陶行知对孩子的谆谆教诲。
1、复习导入新课
用一两句话说说课文讲一件什么事吗?
2.学习课文2-6自然段,明白孩子们放蜻蜓的原因。
⑴出示图片,认识孑孓。
⑵蜻蜓是吃虫的能手,每小时可以吃800多只蚊子或者20只苍蝇,是不是人类的朋友?(引导说出——蜻蜓真的是人类的朋友;蜻蜓的确是人类的朋友。)
⑶读课文,想想陶行知为什么不直接告诉孩子蜻蜓是人类的朋友呢?(是要孩子通过蜻蜓消灭害虫的事实真正明白蜻蜓是人类的朋友。)
⑷读他们的对话,理解“七嘴八舌”,注意读出每个人说话的不同语气。
3.精读课文,了解蜻蜓的知识
⑴出示表格。那这样的表格你能完成吗?学生自读课文第10自然段。
汇报交流:完成表格,填一填,说一说,读一读。
⑵理解“据说”一词。
学生讨论后,再指名说出自己的理解。
⑶学生对照图片介绍蜻蜓的有关知识。
4.品读语言文字,感知陶行知的为人
⑴出示图片:这就是陶行知先生,他是我国伟大的教育家,是一位知识渊博的老师,他还是一位怎样的老师呢?(亲切和蔼、尊重学生、循循善诱、富有爱心)
⑵你是从哪些地方感受到的?(让我们再次走进课文,找找陶行知先生的动作、神态、语言,会认识更加让人敬佩的教育家。)
⑶交流体会:在交流每一部分的时候,都要关注课文中孩子们的反映,体会陶行知爷爷引导的效果,并适时指导朗读。
5.创设情境,感受放飞蜻蜓的快乐
创设情境,给学生练习说话提供一个舞台,既拓展学生的思维,又培养学生的表达能力和语言的组织能力。蜻蜓放飞了,你的心情如何?你想说些什么?(学生说说此时此刻的心情,体会放飞的快乐。)小蜻蜓会说些什么呢?陶行知会说些什么呢?
6.总结全文,升华主题。
⑴总结全文。
⑵出示伟人对陶行知称赞的话语。学生读出赞扬的语气。
伟大的人民教育家。 —— 毛泽东
万世师表。 —— 宋庆龄
当今一圣人。 —— 董必武
两千年前的孔仲尼,两千年后的陶行知。 —— 郭沫若
7.拓展延伸。
你知道我们的生活中有哪些伤害动物的行为吗?说说。如果这样的事情就发生在你的面前,你会什么做呢?
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