下册语文说课稿全册 下册语文说课稿荷花
文件夹
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。范文书写有哪些要求呢?我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。
进行授课之前,利用课余时间让学生收集或上网查找有关世界各国的文字、图片资料及国际友好的故事。以便更好地完成本课教材“国际理解教育”这一鲜明的主题。通过交流资料, 学生了解地震方面的知识,以及地震给人类社会造成巨大灾难的事例激发学生学习的兴趣,调动学生学习积极性.课文后的“资料袋”介绍的是中国国际救援队,也放在教学课文前作为新闻背景来阅读,以增加学生对这一组织的了解。
开始讲课时由于本课是一篇通讯,在教学时没有过多地向学生讲授通讯的文体知识,引导学生热爱课文,采用多种形式进行读文训练,在读中悟,在悟中思。教学设计中引导学生熟悉通讯的阅读方法。例如,可以让学生默读课文,说说课文中写的是何时、何地、何人、何事,先抓住课文中最主要的信息。这一次的阅读要求是“宜粗不宜细”,鼓励学生用跳着读的方法。随文识字,多种方式再现巩固生字;结合语境理解重要的词句。创设情趣,把课文内容与现实生活紧密结合。
让学生再次默读课文,教师提问,从哪些地方可以看出中国对受灾国家的帮助?这个问题要求学生通读全文后,抓出与问题有关的信息:首先,地震发生后中国立即向地震灾区派出救援队,而且一下飞机,就赶往受灾最严重的地方(救灾最重要的就是速度要快);其次,在受灾严重,余震还在不断发生的情况下,救援队仍然迅速投入工作(在困难和危险的处境中仍然坚持救灾,体现了人道主义和牺牲精神);最后,救援队在搜索犬的帮助下,救出了一个男孩(高超的救援技术使得救援成功)。这些内容学生不一定全部答全,教师可以用小组合作的方式引导学生互相补充。
那我们的中国国际救援队到底棒在哪里呢?就请你们用自己喜欢的方式读课文,一边读一边画出相关的语句,然后在小组内解决问题。学生口述、理解分析、师生共同研究。再经过朗读感悟。如:“来到这座城市……坚持战斗。”投影出示:“他们一下车,就迅速投入救援工作。有的队员有声波……搜寻着废墟下的幸存者……”指名读——学生练习读——小组集中精神诵读→学生理解分析→教师小结过渡引入图片→投影出示相关图片。同学们面对着此情此景,你难道不想说些什么吗?(学生畅所欲言)。这时候回读:千言万语汇成一句话,那就是“中国国际救援队,真棒!”又如:“虽然这个地方不属于中国……前往救援。”
学生理解分析。
由教师点拨、启发学生进行想象。
教师小结:因此,他们得到了阿尔及利亚人民的赞扬。——“中国国际救援队,真棒!”在这时回顾前文、感悟文情,所以在送别时,前来送行的阿尔及利亚群众又送上了他们真诚的祝愿:投影出示课文第一段:(学生齐)“‘中国万岁!’这是阿尔及利亚群众在送别中国国际救援队时,发自内心的祝愿。”把学生的情绪引向高潮。最后图片赏析,结束全文:这就是我们的国际救援队,不仅在阿尔及利亚,在世界各地哪里有危险,哪里就会有队员们的身影出现。下面让我们一同来欣赏他们的风采吧!→学生看图片→此时此刻,你们一定有很多话想对这些可亲可敬的队员们说吧?(学生表述)这时候教师不失时机地小结:是啊,通过这一件件小事,一幕幕感人的情景,让我们怎能不由衷地赞叹呢?(学生齐:中国国际救援队,真棒!)在清楚课文内容后,体会一下新闻文体的语言特色。使学生在入情入境的学文中,领悟深刻的主题思想,激发起热爱和平感情。教师再引导学生体会一下新闻文体的语言特色。新闻的语言要求客观、准确、朴实、简洁,尽量让事件本身说话,作者的观点就在事件的叙述当中。这篇通讯虽然也有抒情、议论,但也是融合在事件的客观报道中的。教师可以引导学生在读中加以体会,并在平时阅读报纸时,增加获取信息的能力。
本篇课文是从另一个角度诠释“国际理解”的内涵,即中国作为一个大国,也积极地参与国际事务,尽力帮助其他国家。本课采用的是通讯报道的常用写法,按事物发展的时间顺序安排材料,叙述清楚,并有适当的议论。在整个事件的报道中,既有救援工作的总体介绍,又有细节的描写,如搜索犬救出男孩的事。选编这篇课文的目的,一是感受中国人民对其他国家人民的帮助和友谊,体会理解和帮助是双方的;二是继续培养独立阅读能力。创设情趣,把课文内容与现实生活紧密结合,让学生得到美的享受.针对本册教材的具体情况,大纲要求教学中让学生继续学习默读课文,能初步理解课文内容,能结合上下文和生活实际理解课文中的词句,学习分析自然段,归纳文章的主要内容,学习课文是怎样用词造句、连句成段的。针对大纲对本册教材的要求和课文自身的训练重点,对于本课的教学我拟定以下的教学目标:思想教育方面:理解课文内容,通过本节课的学习读懂课文内容,了解我国人民发扬人道主义精神,对其他国家人民的帮助。体会阿尔及利亚人民对中国国际救援队感激的原因,教学中将其作为难点来处理。围绕重点,体会国际社会中的理解与帮助。
在《小学语文教学法原理》一书中曾告诉我们,语文教学中的阅读,是关系到培养读写能力和发展智力的一种发展性阅读。发展性阅读是一种“双向”心理过程。首先是从语言文字到思想内容。读一篇文章,先要让学生感知文字,从字词到句,从句子到段落,从段落到全篇,逐步读懂。发展性阅读的“双向”过程是安排阅读教学程序的重要依据。
结合《中国国际救援队真棒》一文的具体情况,针对小学语文教学法阅读教学的基本规律,在教学中的具体操作程序是这样安排的:在学习本课之前,利用课余时间让学生收集或上网查找有关世界各国的文字、图片资料及国际友好的故事。以便更好地完成本课教材“国际理解教育”这一鲜明的主题。通过交流资料,激发学生学习的兴趣,调动学生学习积极性在初读课文的基础上,引导学生初步感知这个故事的大致内容,借助拼音,读准生字,通过查字典并结合上下文内容初步理解生字、新词的意思,在了解课文大意的基础上根据记叙的内容,按老师问题的提示,在揭示课题的基础上进一步有意安排了揭示分析课题导入课文学习的环节。以几个浅显的小问题切入,有利于学生渐入佳境。
板书是一中不可缺少的有机组成部分。
《中国国际救援队,真棒!》一文的板书设计力求体现体会阿尔及利亚人民对中国国际救援队感激的原因。从中可以发现抓住重点、突破难点的途径,并能用较为清晰的思路引导学生复述课文内容。
�������ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½28�î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªí¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½í¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¸ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
���������ú¿ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½î½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤,����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.���äºï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â¡£
������ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªí¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ê±ã»ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤í¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ë´ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä´ê¾ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½òµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�������òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½äºï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµäµø·ï¿½(��������òªï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½)����î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ë¹¤ï¿½ï¿½(�����ñºï¿½î£ï¿½õµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)����󣬾�ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è®ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½è³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½(�߳��ä¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½é¹ï¿½)����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²¹ï¿½ä¡£
���������çµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é¼¯ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµð©ê²ã´ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����é½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµãµï¿½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ç°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½×£ô¸ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½×£ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ô±ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½é°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ë¿ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¿é¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ò»ä»ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¹û¡ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä¹ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªí¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿í¹û±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ú¹ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è®ï¿½è³ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½,��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.��ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²äµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä´ê¾ä£¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶îµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ù¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²äµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£ºë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô��,��ñ§ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ú¡ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´êµï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ó¾ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½äµ½è«æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²½¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ë«ï¿½ò¡±¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
������ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½äµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñºãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½î½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤,����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½â´êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ôµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�������ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½,���!��ò»ï¿½äµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô®ï¿½ó¸ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò¡£´ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½øµã¡¢í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
《水上飞机》是苏教版国标本教材三下的一篇科学童话。全文共8个自然段。第一段写小海鸥发现了一条奇怪的大船后想去问个究竟。第二至七段写小海鸥通过与水上飞机交谈,了解了水上飞机的种类和主要用途。第八段写水上飞机听到报警后立即前往救援。课文故事性强,情节饶有趣味,语言生动活泼,没有高深的道理,没有艰涩的术语,读来情趣盎然,引人入胜,是加强语言训练,激发科学兴趣的好教材。
(1)认知目标:理解课文内容,了解水上飞机的种类和作用。
(2)技能目标:能正确,流利,有感情地朗读课文。(3)情感目标:激发学生从小爱科学、学科学、长大用科学为人类造福的志趣。
(1)重点是指导学生有感情地朗读课文,让学生了解水上飞机的种类和主要作用。
(2)难点是激发学生从小爱科学,学科学,长大用科学为人类造福的志趣。
本节课的设计理念为:本文故事性强,情节饶有趣味,语言生动活泼,正是加强语言训练,增强朗读感悟的好题材。读书百遍,其义自见。不同形式的读不但可以培养兴趣,还可以帮助理解,感受课文的语言美。为此,在导读时我创设情境,以读为本,将读贯穿教学的全过程,使每一遍读具有目的性,层次性和指导性。对新事物具有一定的好奇,探索精神,这正是小学生的特点,我利用这一特点,引导学生主动探究,团结合作,在合作中了解水上飞机,带着好奇心,探求心去试着设计你心中的水上飞机,从而引导学生积极参与语文实践活动,在实践中感悟,体验,运用与提高。
本节课的设计思路:能够处理好与他人的协作关系,集众人之智慧取长补短,是跨世纪优秀人才必备的基本素质。因此,我在教学本课时,让学生以小组讨论,互相评价,分角色朗读等多种方式来学习。引导学生带着好奇心跟随小海鸥一起认识水上飞机,,带着自信心介绍自己了解到的水上飞机的主要作用,带着探究心设计水上飞机,让他们集思广益,互相切磋,在知识方面相互补充,在学习方法上相互借鉴。以次提高学生的语文素养。
本节课的基本流程为:
第一课时已经熟读了课文,熟悉了字词,大概地了解了一下课文内容,因此,我抓住第一课时提出的两个关键问题,水上飞机究竟是什么样子?水上飞机究竟有什么作用?直接切入教学重点,让学生把自己想象成小海鸥,入情入镜,一起去探索,以激起学生的阅读兴趣。
。
1、第一自然段,通过学生的自主阅读,抓住水上飞机的外形特点--------白色船体的两边长了两个大翅膀,和“奇怪”一词体会体会小海鸥的内心想法,以读为主。自主探究,读、思、议、练结合的方式,培养学生的语言感悟能力,激发学生的阅读兴趣。
2、第二至六自然段是全文的重点,我指导学生分角色朗读对话,引导学生从提示语中了解小海鸥的惊讶和水上飞机的和善、懂礼貌,让学生边读边加上动作、表情,使学生入情入镜的从对话中了解水上飞机的作用,以小海鸥的视角去体会对水上救护机的敬佩,加深体验,以使读有情感的奠基,让情感有抒发的平台。
3、第八自然段,水上飞机的本领到底如何,为了让学生真正了解他的奇特本领,我采用变式阅读的方式,将学生直接带入第八自然段的学习,使学生认识水上飞机的本领的确大、的确神奇,令人佩服,并结合学生的实际,对文本进行有效的整合。
4、第七自然段,引导学生通过自渎、理解、指导取名等活动,让学生为自己喜欢的飞机命名,使他们有一种亲切感,以体现形式的主体性,让他们体验到成功的喜悦。结合省略号,以小组合作交流的方式,让学生充分发挥想象,给孩子一个展示才华的机会,在不知不觉中激发学生从小爱科学,学科学,长大用科学为人类造福的志趣。以突破教学的难点。
课文总结使学生对课文加深影响,课后设计综合性学习任务--在班上举办一次水上飞机设计成果展示会。综合性学习有利于学生在感兴趣的自主活动中全面提高语文素养,是培养学生主动探究、团结合作、勇于创新精神的重要途径,我在教学中让学生了解水上飞机之后,带着旺盛的好奇心、求知欲试着设计一下水上飞机的其他兄弟,充分激发了学生的主动意识和进取精神,使学生走进文本的同时,又走出文本,从而再次激发儿童从小爱科学,长大用科学的.热情,以及为人类造福的志趣。
������ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±¾ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ñ§í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¹ï¿½8����è»ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä´ó´¬ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ð´ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ë¶ï¿½ð´ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½é¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½äºã½ì²ä¡ï¿½
����
����(1)��öªä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����(2)����ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½(3)���ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸£ï¿½ï¿½ö¾è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����
����(1)�øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����(2)�ñµï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸£ï¿½ï¿½ö¾è¤ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á´©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ê¹ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ð����ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ç»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²å±ø±ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ë½âµ½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´è£¬ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¿îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾µï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
������
����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½--------��é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬ºí¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����2���ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾µï¿½ä´ó¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¾è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½æ½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ìµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ó¡¢µï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����4��������è»ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ö¸ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ôºå£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ú²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸£ï¿½ï¿½ö¾è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
��
���������ü½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½--�ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ù°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³é¹ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªí¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ö®ï¿½ó£¬´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¢ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï·é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½.���飬�ô¼ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸£ï¿½ï¿½ö¾è¤ï¿½ï¿½
(一)教材简说
《七颗钻石》是义务教育课程标准实验教科书三年级上册第五组中的一篇精读课文。这篇课文是俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的一篇童话。描述了地球上发生了大旱灾,许多人和动物都焦渴而死,一个小姑娘抱着水罐出门为生病的母亲找水,爱心使水罐一次又一次地发生着神奇的变化,最后水罐里涌出了一股巨大的清澈又新鲜的水流,从水罐里跳出的七颗钻石升到了天上,变成了七颗星星。这个短短的童话故事,寄寓着作者的道德期盼和某种社会理想:无私广博的爱能带来意想不到的奇迹,爱心能为世界创造美好的未来;爱心是永恒的,它就像星星一样晶莹闪烁,普照人间。
(二)说教学目标及重点、难点
根据本课内容及教学实际,我制定出以下的教学目标及重点、难点。
1、教学目标:
(1)知识目标:知识与能力目标:会认7个生字,培养学生有感情地朗读课文的能力
(2)过程与方法目标:抓住重点语句,从水罐的一次次变化中,体会爱心的神奇力量。
(3)情感态度与价值观目标:懂得关心别人,懂得用爱心对待生活。
2、教学重难点。
从水罐的一次次变化中体会爱心的神奇力量是本课的重点,启发学生丰富的想象力,感悟爱的博大。
读关于爱心的神奇故事,体会爱心对本人乃至对社会的意义,懂得关心别人,用爱心对待生活。
1、设计理念:
《语文课程标准》指出:“阅读是学生个性化行为,不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。”让学生在自由宽松,但又有方向指引的氛围中自主学习,让学生在读中悟,在悟中提升理性认识,在提升后促进感情朗读,我想这是对本篇情感味较浓课文增进体验的合理途径。
2、 教法
一堂好的语文课应充分体现这十六个字:书声朗朗、议论纷纷、高潮迭起、读读写写。针对以上教学思想,结合本课的特点和本组课文的训练重点,在本课的教学中,我主要选用“合作探究”和“读中感悟”式的教学方式,采用创设情境法、情感朗读理解法和直观教学的方法,引导学生自学、讨论、交流和感受。为学生营造一个民主、生动、活泼的学习环境,使学生主动参与到探究过程当中,培养学生的创新意识和自学能力
3、学法:
与教法相适应,以学生为主体,充分发挥学生的主动性,调动学生的多种感官参与学习活动,让学生在教师的引导下,通过质疑、探究、感悟、朗读四结合学习法。最大限度地发挥学生的主动性、发展性和创造性。
1、情境复习导入,走进文本
上节课的学习,学生感受了旱灾的可怕,知道了水罐变化这条明线,本节课让学生感受到水罐变化的原因。上课伊始,我先是复习了本课的部分词语,然后以图片、文字相结合创设情境的方式导入,引出人们在大旱灾时对水的极致渴望。
然后衔接到第二自然段的教学:一天晚上,天黑漆漆的,一个小姑娘拿着水罐去为生病的妈妈找水。她走了很久很久,可是,哪儿都找不到水,终于,又累又渴,倒在沙地上睡着了。紧接着,让学生在轻柔悠扬的轻音乐中,自读课文,随着文本,随着小姑娘而感动。
2、整体感知,回忆内容,导出课文明“线”
在自读的基础上,引导学生回忆:小姑娘的水罐发生了哪几次神奇的变化?
通过学生的回答,理清课文脉络,同时结合多媒体教学进行展示:空木水罐——满木水罐——银水罐——金水罐——跳出钻石、涌出水流。
面对这样的变化,你有什么问题?根据学生的质疑,归纳问题:为什么会发生一次次神奇的变化、课题为什么叫《七颗钻石》,而不叫……
建构主意认为:师生、生生之间需要针对某些问题进行探讨,并在相互探讨中进行交流和质疑。这就是所谓的“学起于思,思源于疑”,质疑正是激发学生积极主动思维的一个契机。
3、理解、品读词句,感悟课文暗“情”
由于教材层次是层层递进、缺一不可的关系,我通过把握课文、品词句、议论、促体会、想像、升情感这样一种方式进行扩展教学,针对不同变化选择不同切入点进行教学。
学生是课堂的主体,老师扮演的是引导者、组织者的角色。所以,在本环节的教学中,我采取了示范分析与自我体验相结合的形式进行教学,以充分调动学生的学习积极性、培养其独立阅读能力。在水罐的第一次变化中,我引导学生通过抓重点词句体会小姑娘的孝心与爱心,同时进行多种形式的朗读训练,读中体会、感悟,适时进行拓展想像:水罐中的水到底是从哪儿来的呢?让生展开大胆的想像,畅所欲言,训练临场语言表达能力。再以生生互评、师生共评等多种评价方式进行评价教学,不过评价的主流应是积极的、鼓励的、富有启发性的。
在水罐木变银的部分重点指导学生朗读,通过读小狗的前后变化对比出小姑娘的美好心灵,从而凸显她的爱心之无私。
银变金的部分有个理解难点,这里要让学生体悟、总结出水罐发生变化的真正原因是:爱,不仅有小姑娘对母亲、对小狗和他人的爱,也有母亲对女儿的爱。是人间广博无私之爱创造了奇迹。在这一部分着重训练学生朗读母亲所说的那句话,从那句话中体会出母女间的深情。可先指名读,生评,再指名读,然后分角色读。
最后的变化:从金水罐中跳出钻石、涌出水流。这里用讨论法突破难点。从前面我们可以感受出水罐的每一种变化都与爱心有关,是什么样的爱竟然使水罐跳出钻石、涌出水流呢?这里可结合前几次的变化来谈小姑娘与母亲都拥有一颗博大而无私的爱心,当小姑娘忍着焦渴把水递给过路人时,她的爱心就如同钻石般可贵,闪耀着异样的光芒。是这种无私的爱,给人间带来了希望,照亮了人间。
与此同时,进行拓展、说话练习:小姑娘的爱心给这个世界带来了源源不断、新鲜的水流,干渴的世界将会变成什么样呢?(如果有了水,人们会说---------------;动物会说----------------;花草树木会说-------------------。)让学生契合本文童话的主题,充分、大胆地展开想象的翅膀。
4、引伸拓展,让爱层层递进
学到这儿,学生对课文语言已经有了很深的理解。但仅仅是了解文中故事,明白变化的原因是“爱”。对作者的意图还不甚理解。所以,向学生提出疑问:
(1)为什么不把钻石留给小姑娘她们,而让它飞上天变成了星星呢?
让学生明白让爱的光芒照亮世界的每个角落,照进每个人的心中;只要心中充满爱,就会发生奇迹,由爱而生的七颗钻石化成北斗星,就是告诉人们,让爱成为你心中光明的指路星。
(2)读完这篇感人的故事,你想到了什么?想做些什么呢?
①文中的小姑娘为了找水,累得倒在了沙地上,这水是多么的宝贵啊!读完这个故事,结合自己的生活体验,你有什么想法呢?(节约水资源,倡导环保、和谐等。)
②试想:如果没有爱心,这个世界会变成一个怎样的世界?从中,你懂得了什么?(会感受爱,更要懂得珍惜、感恩。世界因爱而美好.....)
让学生结合实际谈生活中感人的事,明白爱是真实的奇迹。在我们生活中到处有爱,到处有奇迹发生。
19 七颗钻石
爱心——奇迹
这堂课的板书设计,形象直观地概括本节课的主要内容,便于学生理解,进而辅助教学,提高了教学效率。
《绝招》这篇课文讲述了几个小伙伴之间发生的事:主人公小柱子和小伙伴比绝招,没能取得好成绩,觉得丢脸,经奶奶的点拔认识到绝招是可以练的,他终于下苦功夫练出了一手绝招:口算乘数。小伙伴对小柱子十分佩服,约定暑假再比绝招。
这篇课文富有童心童趣,小柱子的形象是这个年龄段孩子的典型代表,学生可以从他的身上找到自己的影子:自尊,好强,不服输。课文中还蕴含着丰富的道理:只要勤学苦练,就能练就一身好本领;要练,就练对自己的未来发展有用的本领。这是对科学知识、对刻苦求知的一种价值认同,这也选编这篇课文的意图。
基于对教材的理解,结合本组课文的训练意图和学生实际,本课的教学目标确定为:
1、正确、流利,有感情的朗读课文,体会小柱子两次比绝招前后的不同。
2、体会童年生活的快乐,感受童真童趣。
3、激发学生努力学习,刻苦求知的愿望。
根据教学目标和教材内容和特点,我确定本课的教学重难点。
重点:体会小柱子两次比绝招的前后不同,体会童年生活的快乐。
难点:激发学生刻苦求知的愿望。
教学重难点的确定,我的教学思路也越来越清晰了。教法和学法的选择也就水到渠成了。
1、选择教法,明确思路
培养学生良好的人文素养和语文素养,以及自主合作精神,创新精神是新课标的重要理念。为了实现这一目标,体现三维目标,充分调动学生的积极性和主动性,构建开放而有活力的语文课堂。教学本课,我采用了讨论法、点拨法。虽然学生自学课文也有自己的体会,但游离文本,脱离体验的体会的是口号式的。需要教师适时的点拨,点拨促悟,达到学生自悟所无法企及的高度。
2、学法指导,形成能力
自读自悟,读悟结合,以读促悟,以悟生情。
抓重点词句,品读感悟,积累和丰富语言,运用语言。
3、理念指导,精心设计
抓住语文本文,体现人文性和工具性的统一。引导学生学习语言,发展语言是阅读教学责无旁贷的任务。教学中力求达到在赏析语言中感受刻苦求知的道理,在感悟刻苦求知中习得语言,提高学生的语文素养。
遵循阅读教学的规律,重视体验和感悟。新课标明确提出:阅读时学生个性化行为,不能以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。应让学生在积极主动的思维活动中,加深理解和体会,有所感悟和思考。
在以上理念的指导下,力求通过教学环节的精心设计,达成三维目标,促进学生发展。所以,我设计了这样流程。
创设情境,导入课文 (这个环节主要是引导学生进入情境。)
整体把握,梳理脉络(这个环节设计符合学生先整体感知的阅读心理。)
导读赏析,品味语言(在这个环节中,带领学生明白小柱子两次比绝招前后的不同,体会小柱子之所以不同的原因,从感悟到刻苦求知的愿望。)
回归整体,升华情感。
根据以上教学流程,我是这样设计教学的。
1、创设情境,导入新课
同学们喜欢看动画片吗?你们都喜欢动画片中的谁?他们都有什么本领?
根据学生的回答,我来小结:同学们,这都是他们的绝招。你知道什么是绝招吗?
【如此导入,学生的听觉、思维、想象都被调动起来,激发了学生学文的兴趣。】
2、整体感知,梳理脉络
你想看看其他人的绝招吗?今天我们学习的课文中的一群小朋友也有自己的绝招。赶快打开课文去看看吧。主意,要把课文中的生字读正确,课文读通顺。遇到难读的句子多读几次。
【阅读时学生和文本的对话,在这里,我给学生充分的时间读,培养学生了自主读书的能力。】
同学们读的真认真,这里有几个词语很难读,谁来试试?
【三年级,虽然向阅读教学过渡,但字词教学还是占主要成分。】
请同学们再次阅读课文,这次你可以快速的浏览。边读边想,这篇课文讲了一件什么事?
学生快速度读了课文后,我问,你能用“尴尬”和“羡慕”这两个词说说课文讲了一件什么事吗?
真了不起,这么长的文章竟然读成一句话。
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ä³ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
����1�������ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2�����ץס�������ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������������ñ§ï¿½øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ä¿é¹ï¿½
�������éµï¿½ï¿½ò¡ª¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½
������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ë¹ì¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô±ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½â¡®ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������î±ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½è·ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿õ¼ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ë·ü¡ï¿½-----���öµä½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï²ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±èºó£¬ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¿é°ï¿½ö®ç¡ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ö®ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿é°ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ê± ����ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ°ï¿½òµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
���������������
�����ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ê¡·ï¿½ï¿½è·ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ô½ï¿½î£¬ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ ô½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½1����ò»æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë����2����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ä°ö°ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµ½ï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ä¿é¹ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������îµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯îªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ð´ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ç¼ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á±¾ï¿½îµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø±ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
(一)《可贵的沉默》一课讲的是:父母都知道孩子的生日并向他们祝贺,孩子们因此感到快乐;而知道父母生日的孩子只有几个,而没有一个孩子向父母祝贺生日的。老师抓住这一契机,引导孩子不但要接受爱,而且要回报爱。
(二)教学目标:
1、读懂得课文内容,学会感受父母对自己的爱,懂得关心父母,关心别人。
2、体会抓住人物的神态、动作进行生动描写的方法。
3、有感情地朗读课文。
(三)教学重点:理解学生的情绪变化,懂得关心别人。
(四)教学难点:体会沉默的可贵。
:质疑导向——探究体验——深化主题——
读写结合。
(一)质疑导向:
爱恩斯坦说过:“问题的提出往往比解答问题更重要”。由于课文的题目发人深省,是教给学生提问题方法的好时机。上课伊始,我首先让学生观察课文中的两幅插图,(因为这两幅插图中人物神情的对比强烈,体现了课文的主要内容。)并以小组合作的形式让学生概括出课文的主要内容。然后,利用课文中的泡泡“这‘极为珍贵的东西’会是什么呢?”意在引导学生在读文的过程中能够提出问题,在学习课文的过程中解决问题,培养学生边读书边思考的习惯。
(二)探究体验
《课标》明确指出:应让学生在主动思维和情感活动中,加深理解和体验,有所感悟和思考,受到情感熏陶,获得思想启迪,享受审美乐趣。为了让学生走进文本,强化体验,在理解课文内容时,我挖掘课文中可想象的空间,让学生展开想象,满足学生想象的欲望,激发学生的情感。首先品析关键词句,把学生带入课文描述的情景之中;(沉默前孩子们的表现)让学生从孩子们的动作、神态中体会他们当时的心情。如:异口同声、神气十足、兴奋、-----快乐的交谈。其次是结合插图,根据生活经验让学生想象当时的情景。(沉默时孩子们的表现)让学生找出描写此时课堂气氛的句子,引导学生结合生活经验想一想为什么大家都“沉默”了。对比后,孩子们感到惭愧。再次我出示课文中“我悄悄瞥了一下这些可爱的孩子们——他们的可爱之恰恰在那满脸犯了错误的神色之中”这段描述,让学生读后提出问题:“孩子们不知父母的生日为什么还说孩子们可爱呢?”引导学生结合生活实际去理解,并让学生想象一下孩子们此时 能想些什么呢?目的是让学生在想象中,体验中,从内心里产生要回报父母之爱的想法。这正是作者和我们要寻找的“极为珍贵的东西”。在探究体验中,学生走进了文本,在体验和感悟的基础上,让学生用朗读的形式抒发自己收费时的感受。
(三)深化主题
阅读教学中,采用“对话”教学,促进学生在学习过程中,知识的不断生成,促进了学生的发展。《课标》明确指出:阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间的对话过程。教学实践证明,师生双方与文本对话的默契程度越深,师生之间的对话水平就 越高,课堂教学就有生机,充满活力。在这一教学环节时,我让学生回忆沉默前、沉默时孩子们的表现后,引导学生体会沉默后的热闹场面。师生共同走进文本,与文本对话。围绕课文中的话题或由文本生成出来的相关话题展开对话。在学习课文最后一自然段时,我设计了两个问题:(1)这一片沉默给了我多大的享受啊!这句话中的“我”指的是谁?(2)老师在这节课上获得的享受是什么?这两个问题就是围绕课文中的话题、由文本生成出来的相关话题展开对话的。我想这样的对话拉近了文本与学生、教师与学生间的距离。在课堂的拓展延伸这一教学环节,我又设计了“亲爱的爸爸、妈妈我想对您说”这一话题,并配上了《烛光里的妈妈》这首歌来渲染气氛,让学生在音乐中写自己的心里话,而后让学生说出自己的心里话。学生在说的过程中,体现了生生对话,师生对话,师生与文本的对话,在对话过程中,学生感悟和体验到了爱的真谛。使学生知道了在享受爱的同时,要回报爱。这样的对话过程深化了课文的主题,提升了学生与作者的情感,升华了学生对父母的情感。从而使学生知道了这沉默的可贵之处。
(四)读写结合
本课的选材贴近学生的生活:一是以课进程为线索,
以师生交流为主要形式,以孩子们的情绪变化为描写的主要内容。二是用抓住人物质神态、动作、进行细致的描述来再现当时的场景。这样的特点恰好是对学生进行读写训练的好教材。因此,在板书设计上,我注重了以课文的线索为骨架,在学完课文后,利用总结板书来总结本课的写作方法。并让学生通过描写反映对父母爱的回报的具体事例运用课文中所学到的描写方法。做到读写结合,学以致用。
����
���������ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óºï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ãºã³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿à¹¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±è¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½í¯è¤ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½óµäµï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¬ºï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ìºï¿½ï¿½å·á¸»ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ì£»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä±ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ô¿ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú¶ô½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½
����1����è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����í¯ï¿½ï¿½í¯è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ý½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½í½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
�����øµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±è¾ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
�����ñµã£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ë¼â·ò²ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����
����1��ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ë¼â·
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£îªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿úºï¿½ê½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬´ïµ½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ó¼°µä¸ß¶è¡ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����ץ�øµï¿½ê¾ä£¬æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ûºí·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ץס���ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¿ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ�ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������������ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
���������龳��������� �����������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±è¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬´ó¸ï¿½ï¿½òµ½¿ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
�����������ï½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����1�������龳�������â¿ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ðµï¿½ë�����ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¿
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½â¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������ëµï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶¼±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������뿴�������ëµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»èºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ò¿ª¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬òªï¿½ñ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
�������ä¶ï¿½ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�����ô£ï¿½
���������꼶����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½é·ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ùµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½â£ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ë²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä¼ï¿½ëµ
�������߿���ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªí¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±§ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ë®ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½îµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é¾þ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ìµï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ã²©ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¨ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ä¡£
����������ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¼°ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµï¿½
�������ý±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¼°ï¿½øµã¡¢ï¿½ñµã¡£
����1����ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
������1��öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7�����ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������뷽��ä¿ï¿½ê£º×¥×¡ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þµï¿½ò»ï¿½î´î±ä»¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°®ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3�����ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����2����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
������ë®ï¿½þµï¿½ò»ï¿½î´î±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°®ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°®µä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ú°ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á°®ï¿½ä¶ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����
����1��������
���������ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ô±ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� �ì·ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ãºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·×·×¡ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡¢¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ¡ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·¨ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ð¹ù²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶èµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ôºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����
����1���龳��ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½
�����ï½ú¿îµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½öµä¿ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ë®ï¿½þ±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ô���ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½îµä²ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½óµï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½è¥îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºü¾ãºü¾ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ë®ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ë®ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºîªê²ã´ï¿½á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����⡢æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±
�������ú½ì²ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê¾ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä»¯ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½î±ä»¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½øµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°®ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¡ï¿½
������ë®ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ô±è³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô���ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¶ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ã²©ï¿½ï¿½ë½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ë®ï¿½þµï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ö±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ê¹ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¶ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ê°ï¿½ë®ï¿½ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ã¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ä¡£
�������í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ëµ---------------�������ëµ----------------��������ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ëµ-------------------������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨µï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½
����4��������õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ô���ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½
������1��îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ã¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½õ½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»á·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸â·ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
������2��������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¹ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½
���������ðµï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ã´ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ó°¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ë®ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������룺���ã»ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ã¶®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°®¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.....��
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����19 �߿���ê¯
�������ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼£
�������ã¿îµä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
2025年三年级下册语文说课稿全册 三年级下册语文说课稿荷花(十篇)
文件夹