数学说课稿等奖
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本节课是青岛版教材小学数学四年级下册的内容,它是在学生已经掌握了因数和倍数及2、5的倍数特征的基础上进行教学的,是求最大公因数、最小公倍数的重要基础,也是学习约分和通分的必要前提。因此,使学生熟练地掌握3的倍数的特征,具有十分重要的意义。
根据以上对教材及学情的分析,为了让每一个学生都能从本节课的研究活动中得到不同的发展,我设计了以下几个教学目标
知识目标:使学生经历探索3的倍数的特征的活动,知道3的倍数的特征,并且能熟练地判断一个数是否是3的倍数。。
能力目标:通过观察、猜测、验证等活动,让学生经历3的倍数的特征的归纳过程。以培养学生观察、分析、动手操作及概括问题的能力,进一步发展学生的数感。体会探索数的特征的一些方法。
情感目标:让学生体验数学问题的探究性和挑战性,进一步激发学生学习数学的兴趣,并从中获得积极的情感体验。
基于以上的认识,我确定了本课的
教学重点:理解和掌握3的倍数的特征
正确判断一个数是否是3的倍数。
教学难点:探索并理解3的倍数的特征。
为达到本节课的教学目标,突出教学重点、突破难点,更好的促进每一位学生的发展,本节课主要采用了以下教学法:
1.猜想验证讨论交流2、自主探究体验感悟
1、教师准备:课件,实物展示平台,实验表格
2、学生准备:计数器计算器
苏霍姆林斯基说:“在小学面临的许多任务中,首要的任务是教会儿童学习”。这里的学习指学习方法,3的倍数的特征,有规律可循,容易上成机械刻板,枯燥无味的课,学生能死套规律判断,但学生的能力没能培养,智力得不到开发。本课的设计旨在扬弃“满堂灌”的教学,取而代之以启发与发现相结合的教学方法,点拨学生大胆猜想,动手实践,去发现规律,使全体学生积极参与,积极思考,激发学生学习的积极性。针对学生的特点,在教学中设计了以下四个与学生的知识基础,个性发展紧密联系的活动。
活动一 复习旧知 引发猜想活动二自主探究合作验证
活动三 应用规律 体验感悟活动四反思总结自我提高
活动一 复习旧知 引发猜想
“3的倍数的特征”属于数论的范畴,离学生的生活较远,而2、5的倍数的特征是学生学习这一课的基础。我从学生的已有基础出发,先复习了2,5的特征,并通过教师的总结与引导把复习和导入有机结合起来,引导学生去作猜想“3的倍数可能有什么特征?”,让学生充分表达各种各样的猜想,也许有些学生会不假思索地说出他的猜想:“个位上是3、6、9的数,都是3的倍数”,而有的学生却有与之不同的想法。进而引发认知冲突,创设了探究的问题情境,激发学生的求知欲望,感受新知的产生过程,明确新课要解决的问题。从而引出课题。并板书:3的倍数的特征
活动二自主探究合作验证
本环节意在引导学生通过动手实践、自主探究展示学生不同的学习水平和思维方式,让学生在观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理与交流的数学活动中,初步理解和掌握3的倍数的特征。在这里设计了三个层次的教学:
1、应用《百数表》,否定错误猜想。
在学生得出猜想后,我便引导学生找出百数表中3的倍数去验证,并在验证中推翻了刚才的猜想,由此,使学生意识到已经不能用原来的方法(也就是从数的个位上的情况)来判断一个数是否是3的倍数,而应该换个角度去思考。消除思维定势,否定旧迁移,以此来激发学生的探究欲望
2.探究实验,发现特征。
学生刚刚学习了2、5的倍数的特征,从观察数的末尾数字到观察这个数的数字和,具有很大的思维跨度。学生很难通过独立的探究得出3的倍数的特征,这时,教师采用的教学策略就显得尤为重要。本节课,教师采用让学生进行拨珠实验的教学策略较好地解决了这个问题。教师引导学生经历拨珠实验,填表观察,思考发现的过程。从而使学生对3的倍数的特征认识随着实验的不断深入而越来越清晰,他们在实验、探究、猜想、验证的过程中,建构起对3的倍数的特征的整体认知。本节课虽然没有生动的教学情境,但这样做巧妙地把学生推上了学习的主体地位,使学生始终沉浸在一种浓厚的探索氛围之中,他们被数学知识本身的魅力所深深吸引。这样的数学学习活动,才是真正的、生动活泼的、富有个性的认知过程。学生通过表象的累积,思维产生了飞跃,脑海中形成了清晰的数学模型。
3、举例验证,总结规律。
让学生在初步发现规律之后,举例验证,体现了从特殊到一般的思维过程。为了验证这一结论,学生用最快的速度算出各位上的数的和是不是3的倍数,并且使用计算器看这个数是不是3的倍数,并让学生汇报验证的过程,尽可能多地提供机会让学生在实践操作中学习,不仅让学生初步学会了举例验证的方法,而且体现了辨证唯物主义的思想。
在这一部分,为使不同层次的学生都能得到不同程度的提高,我设计了四个不同的练习。力争突出重点,突破难点,在遵循学生认知规律的基础上,体现基础性、层次性、灵活性、生活性、趣味性。
第(1)题是基本题,使全体学生都能对新知识有进一步的理解,达到巩固新知的目的。有可能的话可以让学生在快速判断中感悟把3的倍数先去掉的判断技巧;
第(2)题以图的的形式出示,引导学生利用所学解决生活中的实际问题;
第(3)题是在每个数的□里填上一个数字,使这个数是 3的倍数。以检验学生综合运用知识的能力,达到举一反三的效果,提高思维的灵活性。
第(4)题旨在通过灵活的形式发散学生的思维。
这一环节通过师生交流的形式,使学生积极回忆,谈谈这节课的收获。把知识、方法再现的同时,亦体现学生的情感价值观,进一步反思总结,自我提高。
整节课让学生经历“猜想—验证—操作—再次猜想—再次验证—得出结论—解决问题”的探究过程,实现课程、师生、知识等多层次的互动。整个教学是把知识的传授、思维的训练、学习方法的指导、学习能力的培养、数学思想方法的渗透有机结合起来,取得教学效益和生命质量的整体提升。
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各位老师:你们好!今天我说课的是小学教材第三册的《秋游》。
教材分析:
这是一片情景交融的散文。全文生动地描绘了同学们在老师的带领下去郊外游玩的情景,表现了孩子们沉浸在秋天大自然的欢快心情。全文共有4个自然段。第一自然段简要叙述了同学们在老师的带领下去郊外秋游。第二、第三自然段分别描写了秋天的天空和田野的美丽景象。作者按照从天上到地面的顺序,抓住秋天里天空、白云、稻子、高粱、棉花等形态和色彩上的特点,描绘了一幅充满生气的秋景图。第四自然段叙述了同学们秋游时在草地上尽情玩耍的情景,充分展现了同学们在大自然的怀抱中尽情享受的愉快心情。
教学目标:
1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
2、通过对课文的朗读、感悟,感受秋天的美好景象,激发热爱大自然的思想感情。
3、会用“有的……有的……有的……”说一句话。
教学重点:
1、能有感情地朗读课文。
2、紧扣文中的词句,把观察、想象、朗读结合起来。让学生感悟意境美和语音美培养其语感。
教法学法:
整堂课的教学运用了多媒体课件创设了生动的情境,以读代讲,在读的过程中紧扣文中的词句,把观察、想象、朗读结合起来,对学生进行语言文字的训练,培养学生的语文素养。学法与教法相适应,采用“看看——读读——想想——说说“的学习方法,让学生用心体验,用情表达。
教学过程:
一、谈话激趣,揭示课题
小朋友们,炎热的夏季过去了,秋姑娘已悄悄来到我们身边,你发现了吗?(生自由说)在这金风送爽、天朗气清的美好的季节,有一群小学生,跟着老师去郊外游玩。想不想知道他们去哪游玩,看到了什么,玩的开心吗?(板书课题)齐读课题。
二、创设情境,朗读感悟
1、师范读第一自然段 。理解“渐渐”,指导读好"渐渐"。用"渐渐"说一句话。指导朗读。
2、(课件播放蓝天白云画面),你们看到什么?觉得秋天的天空怎么样?(美)课文的哪一个自然段描写秋天的天空?女生读课文。生讨论交流
(1)秋天的天空是怎么样的?
(2)除了蓝天还写了什么?白云像什么?
(3)天上的白云真有趣,它们有时像白兔,有时像绵羊,联系平时所看到的来说说天上的云还像什么?句式练习(课件出示句子):蓝蓝的天空一望无边,几朵白云有时像( ),有时像( ),有时像( )。指导朗读。
3、(课件播放田野画面)说说农田的景色。课文哪个自然段写了农田的美景,男生读。小朋友,你们觉得农田美吗?美在哪里?(学生自由讨论,师相机板书)你能来说一说,田野里稻子黄了,黄得怎么样?高粱红了,红得怎么样?棉花白了,白得怎样吗?可以只说一种,也可以说两种,能说三种就更好了。(课件出示句式):农田里,稻子黄了( );高粱红了( );棉花白了( )。学生练说。(各自练,指名说)指导朗读。
4、(课件播放田野画面)同学们在郊外玩得怎样?书上是怎么写的?师引读第四自然段。大家玩得开心吗?(板书:开心)从哪些地方可以看出大家玩得十分开心?请小朋友边读课文边圈画相关的词语。指导理解。练习用“有的……有的……有的……”说话。齐读第四自然段。
三、课外拓展,深化主题
1、(课件播放秋天果园的画面),看后练说秋天到了,果园里( ),( ),( )。
2、(课件播放秋天的山村画面看后练说,秋天到了,大雁( ),枫叶( ),许多树都( )。
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《确定位置》是四年级上册第五单元第二课时的内容。在此之前,学生已经学习了前后、上下、左右,也学习了简单的路线知识。这些知识为进一步认识物体在空间的具体位置打下了基础。而本课的学习则是第一学段内容的发展,它对提高学生的空间观念,认识周围生活的环境,都有较大的作用。教材从学生自己十分熟悉的座位表着手,通过说一说淘气的座位,引出第几组与第几个的话题。接着,再从第几组与第几个引出抽象的数对表示方法,符合学生由具体到抽象、由特殊到一般的认识规律,有助于学生理解“数对”在确定位置中的作用。
教材中安排的练一练的内容都是在方格纸上用数对表示某一点的位置。在练习时可以分两步走。第一,分别说一说水平方向点的位置与垂直方向的位置。第二,当学生分别能清楚地表示单一位置时,接着讨论在单一位置上的两个点。这样的内容安排,有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,真正地让学生运用数学知识解决实际问题。
基于以上的认识,遵循“数学教学要着力于学生全面发展”的重要理念,我确定如下教学目标:
知识与技能:使学生学会在具体情境中探索确定位置的方法,并能在方格纸上用“数对”确定位置。
过程与方法:通过形式多样的确定位置的方式,让学生在探索知识的过程中,发展空间观念,并增强其运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
情感态度与价值观:感受确定位置的丰富现实背景,体会数学的价值,产生对数学的亲切感。
本节课的教学重点是探究、掌握用“数对”确定位置的方法。教学难点是在方格图上用“数对”确定位置。
1、说教法
《数学课程标准》指出,学生的学习不能再单纯的依赖模仿和接受性学习,而应该更多地采用自主学习、合作探究的主动的学习方式。本节课我注重在课堂上多给学生活动的机会,让学生多动、多说、多练,同时借助有动画和声音效果的多媒体来激发学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生掌握描述物体位置的方法。为了提高教学效率,我准备了,方格纸和座位卡。
2、说学法
学生的学习主要体现在两方面:1、实践探索。本节内容与学生的生活实际非常贴近,这部分内容的掌握与巩固也是在学生的实际应用中体现出来的,实践性、应用性很强,因此要让学生面对真实的问题,动手实践、自主探索、尝试解决问题。2、合作交流。本课虽以实践活动为主展开学习活动,也应为学生的合作交流提供足够的空间,先让学生亲自实践,再组织同学之间的合作、讨论与交流,进一步培养合作意识和合作能力。
第一环节:制造冲突,激趣导入
通常学生的学习起点由三个:逻辑起点、现实起点与思想方法起点。这节课我是针对学生的现实起点来引入新课,可以说每个学生都有“第几组第几个”这一生活经验,这一经验与“数对”密切相关,其本质是一样的。因此,上课开始我首先让学生向老师介绍自己的座位,唤醒学生的生活经验,通过尝试、概括,让学生感受用“数对”表示位置比用“第几组第几个”更为简洁方便。让学生感受学习确定座位的必要性,激发学生学习的动力。
告诉学生像这样用第几组第几个的形式,确定一个人的位置,就是我们今天研究的课题。(板书:确定位置),从而揭示课题。
第二环节:探索学习,建立模型
看方格图上的点用“数对”的方法确定位置是本节课学生学习的难点。为了避免学生单一借助实际的教室座位来理解“数对”,带来认知上的局限性和学习上的疲劳感。我通过,将实际的教室座位改为半抽象的座位表取代教材中的情境图,教学素材顿时鲜活起来,为学生建构“在方格纸上确定物体的位置”这一新知铺架一个阶梯。随后又将教室平面图半抽象的座位表抽象成“点”。然后让再出示横竖“线”,最后形成了方格图。这样做使教学难点得以突破。《新课标》强调:数学学习应该是一个生动活泼的、主动的和富有个性的活动过程。因此,我认为在教学“确定位置”这个比较抽象的概念时,不能单纯地作为知识点进行教学,也不能漫无目的的让学去胡乱猜测,而是设计为一个个活动,让学生亲自动手去操作、去感受、去经历、去体验。
这一环节首先让学生在方格纸的交叉点上画出自己的位置。这一步我向学生提出了四个要求:第一,拿出方格纸表示自己的座位;第二,展示反馈,同桌互相检查;第三,闭着眼睛想。根据方格纸想自己在班上的什么位置;第四,在方格纸上找出一位好朋友的位置。这样一来,一是让学生建立起数对的表象,体验数学化的过程;二是为学生创造用数对确定位置奠定认知基础;三是培养学生的空间观念。其次是让学生认识“数对”,用“数对”表示自己的位置。此环节是课堂教学的核心环节,是学生掌握新知的重要时机,为了有效解决这一重点内容。我分为六个步骤进行。第一步,小组讨论,创造出更为简洁的表示方式。要求四人一组,以“第二组第四个”为例进行研究;第二步,学生上台展示,并说明所创造的意义。学生有了第几组第几个以及用方格图来表示位置,估计学生会“再创造”出一些简洁的表示方式,比如第2组第4个:2/4;2︱4;2,4;z 2g4;2z4g,等等。这样教学从学生的现实出发,引导学生再创造出数对,有利于培养学生好学、乐学的兴趣;第三步,引导观察概括,找出相同点和不同点,进而概括出什么是“数对”;第四步,介绍读法;第五步,观察对比(5,2)和(2,5)这两个数对的区别;第六步,请同学们用数对表示自己的位置,同桌互相检查,并用开火车的方式说一说。
在初步理解了数对之后让学生完成课本64页的内容,通过让学生根据自己班级的具体情境,运用到例题上,让学生经历由具体到抽象再到具体的过程,进一步使概念内化与形成。
第三个环节:运用模型,解决问题
通过多种形式练习,学生把所学知识运用实际生活中,获得充分的解决问题的经验,体会解决问题策略的多样性,感受数学与现实生活的联系,提高应用意识和解决问题的能力。为此我设计了一个闯关游戏,主要用来解决课本中的习题。
第一关:找位置 (投影出示学校附近的地图)
1、下图是学校附近的地图,说一说学校在地图上的什么位置?
2 、图上还有哪些建筑物?在什么位置?与同桌进行交流。
3、指名两个学生,一个报地点,另一个报相应的数对,报完后由其他学生进行评价。
第二关:找路线(拿出课前剪好的附页1)
1、教师说出各个景点的数对,学生边听边摆;
2、摆好后指名用数对汇报各个景点的位置;
3、投影书上的路线图,请学生自己核对;
4、现在小敏的位置是(5,3),她要到溜冰场去,请画出路线图;(1)学生独立解决问题;(2)出示学生的各种不同的画法,找出合理的路线:最短的路程并且应该沿着图中的路线走。
第三关:找位置看电影。
1、 老师将赠送每个同学一张电影票,要求先听要求再行动:(1)票装在四人小组信封里,每人拿一张后,先在座位上想一想你的新位子在哪?(2)等音乐声响起,就带上你的学习用具,对号入座。如果有人坐错了你的位置,请你帮助他。2、拿票—思考—找座位。结果出现了问题:拿到(2,*)、(*,3)的两位同学一时找不到位子,引起学生的思考。这样做是为了是让学生意识到(2,)只能表示第2组所有的人,不是表示一个人的;( ,3)是表示每一组的第3个同学,也就是第三行的所有同学,数对是用两个数来确定位置的,只有1个数是无法确定位置的,进而培养学生科学探究的严谨态度,发展学生的问题意识。
把数对的知识由教室拓展到课外。数对的的知识在生活中有广泛的应用,但小学生在生活中应用知识解决问题的较少。所以我通过介绍经纬线,体育馆座位号、地球经纬度……拓展了数对的应用领域。开阔了学生的视野的同时挖掘数学价值,体现数对与生活的密切联系,渗透让学生用数学眼光观察生活,既把握了良好的数学教学契机,又实现了课程回归生活的思想。
通过这一节课的学习,让学生谈一谈自己的收获和感受。这样做是为了培养学生“学会学习”的能力,引导学生“回顾反思”本节课使用的观察、讨论、动手操作等学习方法解决问题,鼓励学生积极的了解更多的有关知识,获得进一步学习的动力。
反观这一节课,我改变以书教书的方式,用现实的班级座位,活生生的情境代替课本的内容,生动有趣,让学生感受数学就在我们身边;另外我注意把握学生的学习起点,让学生建构模型,创造出“数对”的表示方式,让学生亲历数学化这一过程。我的教学安排合理有序,有层次性,教学内容我安排了两个由近及远。一个是:自己的班级—淘气的班级—城区图;另一个是:由具体到抽象的过程:具体的感知(弄清班级的第几组第几个)—用方格表示—创造出数对,并让学生闭着眼睛想座位的坐标图,丰富了学生对现实空间的认识。在学习过程中,学生口、脑、手多感官参与,积极探索,体现了人人学数学、用数学、人人在学习数学过程中得到不同程度的提高和发展。
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我的说课流程是:说说教材分析,说学情分析,说教学模式、教学设计,说板书、课堂评价与课程资源的开发。
教材分析:
本单元包含两个信息窗,主要内容有:乘法结合律、乘法交换律和乘法分配律
这节课是学生学习了乘法结合律和乘法交换律的基础上进行的,是乘法运算规律延续。这节课以济青高速公路为背景素材,通过对行驶在高速公路上的两辆汽车的相遇信息,由解决相遇问题的两种方法,发现和引出了对乘法分配律的探索,体验生活和数学的紧密联系,将数学问题有机结合,合理整合知识,让学生利用自己已学的知识体验推动新知识的学习,培养了学生的知识的迁移能力,提高了教学效率。
教学方法:
1、通过复习解答相遇问题,在解答实际问题的过程中体会多种解题方法。
2、引导学生借助已有经验和具体运算,用猜想、验证、比较、归纳等数学方法学习知识。
3、让学生通过探索体会知识间的联系,理解一些规律都是从一般规律概括出来的。
教学目标:
1、通过创设情境让学生在探索、验证、理解乘法分配率,让学生在解决实际问题中理解乘法运算定律在实际生活中的运用。
2、培养学生探索问题的能力。
3、使学生学会运用乘法分配率进行简便计算。
4、让学生了解简算在实际生活的运用,提高学生的简算意识。
学情分析:
这一部分内容是在学生学习了乘法结合律和交换律的基础上进行教学的,学生第一次接触,但对这方面的经验学生已有了积累。教学时,教师要充分利用学生已有的知识经验,沟通新旧知识间的内在联系。
教学模式:
七步式对话的教学模式要求学生课前进行有效地预习,搜集资料,极大的扩充了课上有限的40分钟的时间。本节课的预习要求是:熟悉课本知识,并从生活中寻找分配率实例进行验证。有效地预习不仅节约了课堂时间,也使得学生在课堂上的主体地位得以体现,在教学过程中教师起到良好的主导作用的关键是创设有效地活动体验,让学生把已有的知识有效地利用,内化为学生的数学素养,这样就会极大的提升学生学习数学的自信心及好奇心。
教学过程:
一、模拟激趣,引入学习
同学们,两个运动中的物体会出现怎样的位置关系,你知道 吗?
(学生思考回答。)下面我请两个同学到前面演示一下,看哪个 同学观察的最仔细。请学生交流汇报。
二、进行新课,迁移新知
1、观看图片,学习铺垫
这些图片是我们看到济青高速公路的场景,同学们都看 的很认真,你们了解济青高速公路的情况吗?
2、提出问题,解决问题
(1)自主提问
请同学们观察这幅图(信息窗图片),从图中你得到了哪些 信息,根据这些信息你能提出什么数学问题?学生可能会提 出:济青高速公路全长约多少千米?相遇时大客车比小客车多 行市驶了多少千米?济南到青岛的路程是多少千米
(2)合作探究
我们来解决“济青高速公路全长约多少千米?”
要解决这个问题应该先求什么,再求什么?请同学们分组交 流、解答。
(3)汇报交流
小组代表发言,汇报解答思路和方法。(根据学生的回答用 线段图帮助学生理解解题思路。)
(4)学生独立列式,并指名汇报,教师板书。
3、精讲点拨
刚才我们求济青高速公路全长约多少千米,同学们用了两种方 法,仔细观察这两个算式,你有什么发现?根据刚才的发现,你 有什么想法?鼓励学生说一说,大胆猜想。
请你在小组内举出这样的例子,验证一下我们的猜想。
学生汇报交流,教师帮助完善发现的规律。
同学们真棒!发现并验证“两个数的和与一个数相乘,可以把这两个加数分别与这个数相乘,再把积相加的规律,叫做乘法的分配
律。”教师板书课题名称:乘法的分配律
我们能像前面学习的乘法交换律和乘法结合律哪样,用字母表示我们刚才发现的规律吗?
学生回答,教师板书:(a+b)?c=a?c+b?c
三、练习应用,巩固提高
1、想一想,连一连
(15+85)×7 325×(99+1)
325×99+325 34×45+34×55
34×(45+55) 15×7+85×7
23×24+23×76 23×(24+76)
2、在□里填上合适的数
(80+70)×5=80×□+70×□
m×153+m×47=□×(□+□)
(a+b)×9=a×□+□×□
m×n+m×16=□×(□+□)
3、火眼金睛辨对错
(1)13×(16+24)=13×16+13×24 ( )
(2)12×4×4×13=4×(12+13) ( )
(3)(a+b)·c=a+(b·c) ( )
(4)78×101=78×100+78 ( )
四、感悟收获 通过学习,这节课你有什么收获?请学生谈一谈。
板书设计:
乘法的分配律
(a+b)?c=a?c+b?c
110×2+90×2 (110+90)×2
=220+180 =200×2 =400(千米) =400(千米)
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各位领导、各位老师,你们好!今天我说课的题目是《确定位置(一)》,现在我从四个方面进行这节课的说课。
1、教材简析
《确定位置》(一)是北师大版数学四年级上册第六单元第一课时的教学内容,本节课是在学生学习并掌握了位置与顺序、方向与路线等有关内容的基础上安排的。教材先从情境入手,感悟确定位置的数学表示方法。运用学生已有的知识和生活经验,让学生在生动、具体的现实情境中感悟新知并灵活运用,为今后学习空间位置的知识打下了坚实的基础。
2、学情分析
学生虽然在第一学段学习过位置与顺序,方向与路线,但这节内容是数形结合,很多知识是认为规定的`,因此我认为学生在接受数对的知识时需要一个循序渐进的过程。
3、教学目标、教学重难点的确立与依据
《课程标准》为这部分内容设定的目标是“能在方格纸上用数对确定具体情境中的位置”。根据这一目标,在深入挖掘教材,理解编者意图的基础上,结合本节课内容和学情分析,确定本节课的教学目标及重难点。
教学目标:
①、能在具体情境中,探索确定位置的方法,说出某一物体的位置
②、能在方格纸上用“数对”确定具体情境中的位置 。
③、培养学生自主学习和与他人合作交流的能力。
④、感受数学与生活的密切联系,在活动中获得快乐得情感体验。
教学重点:正确地用数对表示方格图上物体的位置。
教学难点:理解数对的意义及表示方法。
根据本节课的教学内容和学生的实际情况,以及新课程的要求,课堂教学体现学生是学习的主体,教师是学习的组织者、引导者和合作者这一基本观念。为了实现教学目标,有效突出重点,突破难点,本节课我将采取“自主探索—交流合作——引导点拨”的教学模式。放手让学生自主学学习,在交流合作中完善和提升知识。老师在巡视过程中关注差异,适时点拨。通过学生自主学习,达到自省自悟的目的。通过小组讨论交流,汲取集体智慧,培养与他人合作交流的能力。自主课堂,每个学生都是课堂的主人,都是学习的主人。多媒体教学,加以引导,辅以直观演示,让学生自己在方格纸上涂位置,给予学生直观经验,加深印象。老师的多元评价方式,在学生获取知识的同时,激发学生内在的学习动力。
本着“用教材而不是教教材”的教学思想,我在充分利用教材提供的教学情境图的基础上,还创造性地安排了其他活动,以达成预定的教学目标。
1、创设情境,引入新课
生动有趣的情境十分符合儿童的思维特点,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,活跃思维。为了达到这一目的,在导入时我预设了这样的情境:首先与学生谈话,用第几组第几个确定位置,这样既吸引学生的注意力,激发兴趣,又简洁明了的导入课题,为后面知识的学习做好铺垫。
2、自主学习,探索新知
《课程标准》中明确指出:“有效数学学习活动不能单存地依赖模仿和记忆,动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式”,在这一理念的指导下,我预设了一下教学活动。
1、①、自学课本p80,完成“说一说 ”(1)、(2)
②、试着总结数对的表示方法、读法和应注意的地方
为了“使数学教育面向全体学生”,我准备先让学生自主学习,接着小组交流讨论总结,再由小组长综合小组观点作代表发言。如果有需要补充的地方,老师稍加引导与点拨。这样,每个学生通过自己的思考得出结论,从而顺利的解决了教学难点。
2、在方格纸上找出相应学生的位置。
这一环节是培养学生从实际问题中抽象出数学知识的抽象思维能力,学会数学的思维进而提升学生的数学素养。由班级学生的座位,抽象出方格图,让学生在方格图上找出相应学生的位置。学生可以结合具体情境,理解并找准位置写好数对。在学生熟知的环境中通过自省自悟解决这节课的教学重点。
3、巩固练习,加深认识
重视灵活应用,让学生实践数学,“学以致用”是新课标教学的一个重要原则,针对这一原则,我安排了适量的梯度练习题:
教材81页练一练的第一题,进一步巩固数对需要用2个数表示 ;接着根据数对连线,发现连出的是什么图形,既巩固了数对知识,又增强了趣味性。最后出示电影院的座位,让学生判断谁和谁坐得近,重在引导学生观察同行和同列的位置有什么特点。用生活实例激发学生兴趣和学习动机,为学生的继续学习搭起了现实生活与抽象数学的桥梁。
4、总结全课
用提问的方式问学生这节课的收获,引起学生对这节课的知识再现,更有利于学生从习得阶段进入保持阶段,从短时记忆进入长时记忆,接着让学生思考数对在现实生活中的应用,不仅培养了学生知识迁移能力还激发了学生学习数学的热情。
5、作业布置
教材81页练一练第二题和教材82页游戏。这一步是必须的一个环节,因为这一阶段学生正是记忆从保持阶段进入回忆阶段,学生根据老师在课堂中所提供的线索进行知识的提取。教材82页游戏更增强了学生学习数学的兴趣和学以致用的信心。
根据板书设计的直观性、条理性、简洁性、多样性和启发性的原则,我将板书设计如下。
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各位老师:
下午好!
今天我们相聚在云周小学,共同行走在“生本”课堂的道路上。作为一名新教师,我也是抱着一种学习的心态来评课。应老师的这节《三角形内角和》,无论是他的设计,还是他对课的演绎,都充分体现了“以生为本”的理念。
这节课有以下几点值得我们去探讨:
既然是生本课堂,那我们在备课之前,就要做到备学生,找起点。新课导入时,应老师花了一些时间复习三角形的分类和平角的知识,充分唤醒学生对三角形的认知,分类是为了抓住三角形的本质,缩小验证时选材的范围,而三个角拼成一个平角的练习,则为学生之后的验证搭好一个脚手架,降低他们学习的难度。但从课堂上来看,部分学生已经知道三角形内角和是180°,而且当出示平角那道题时,学生立刻说出180°是三角形内角和,而没有想到平角,这需要我们来反思这个环节的必要性。为什么学生会联想到内角和呢?我想可能是应老师在此之前询问了:“三角形有几个角?如果告诉你两个角,会求第三个角吗?”同样是为了复习,却产生了负迁移,反而没有达成预定的效果。再此之后又介绍“内角”等概念,这样难免有回课嫌疑。课堂选材要有取舍,我觉得这个环节可以删除。
有位老师说过:“数学老师和语文老师就是不一样,语文老师会发散,将一句简单的话复杂化;而数学老师会收敛,将复杂的例题、方法融汇成一句话。”所以数学课上必须让学生亲身经历知识的发展过程。在探究过程中,应老师放手让学生想方法验证猜想,学生首先会想到量出内角并相加,从反馈来看,学生量得的结果都是180°,既然得到想要的结果了,再拼不是多此一举了吗?课堂上应老师也对学生的精确结果赶到意外,究竟量角的误差在哪里?
学生的心里总是不敢犯错的,这就会让很多数据失真。其实误差不仅仅只是存在于内角总和,还存在于每个内角的度数。课堂反馈上,对于同样的锐角,学生量出了“60°,40°,80°和55°,45°,80°”同样一个三角形,为什么内角度数会有所不同,此时通过对比,让学生明白量角时有误差,容易改变角度,看来量不是最准确的方法,而撕角拼角则不会改变它的大小。我想这就是我们为什么将力气花在剪拼法上了。
通过各种方法的验证,我们知道了三角形的内角和是180°,难道点到即止吗?应老师巧妙借助几何画板,改变三角形的形状和大小,并引导学生观察什么变了,什么不变?这一简单的演示却寓意深远,无论形状大小如何改变,三角形内角和永远是180°,这也从另一个角度说明了三角形为什么具有稳定性,只要确定两个角,第三个角永远的唯一的。结论只是静态的文字,而课件是动态的演示,这种动静结合的美渲染了我们的眼球,同时也凸显了内角和的本质,让结论更具说服力。
练习是一节课的精髓,这节课的练习主要分三层,一算二辨三延伸。应老师在练习的设计上很注重一材多用,而且非常有坡度性,这也是本节课最大的亮点。在“只知道一个角”的环节中,应老师设计了只露出一个70°角的等腰三角形,求另两个角。大多数学生只想到一种情况后,便沾沾自喜,不会更深入思考问题,因为在学生潜意识中总认为正确答案只有一个。这也给了我们一个启示,关注答案,更要关注学生解题的意识,引导学生从多维角度思考问题。
这里我有一个的想法,这个想法也来源于作业本的习题。能不能把70°角改成40°,当学生算出答案后,询问学生,如果按角分,这是一个什么三角形?沟通按角分和按边分三角形的横向联系,在练习中温故而知新。再设计已知一个角是140°的等腰三角形的练习,打破学生的思维定势,并不是所有等腰三角形都有两种可能。之后再询问:“一个角都不知道,如何求内角。”让练习更具层次性。
应老师这节课还有很多值得我们学习的地方,比如应老师自如的教态、亲切的语言让学生倍感温暖;
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《统计》是课程标准中属于“统计与概率”领域的数学知识,贯穿于整个小学教学。而本节课执教的《复式条形统计图》是义务教育课程标准实验教科书(人教版)第四册第六单元第一课时的教学内容,也是第二学段关于“统计与概率”的起始教学。在第一学段的教学过程中,学生已经初步体验了数据的收集、整理、描述和分析的过程,掌握了复式统计表、纵向单式条形统计图,并会用简单的统计图表示统计的结果,能够根据统计图表提出一些简单的问题,初步经历了用统计的方法解决问题的过程,了解了统计在现实生活中的作用和意义,并初步建立了统计观念。而本节课的教学是在学生已有知识和经验的基础上,让学生进一步体验数据的收集、整理、描述和分析的过程,认识纵向复式条形统计图,根据统计图表进行简单的数据分析,作出合理的判断和决策,为以后学习折线统计图、扇形统计图等,进一步形成统计的思想和方法打下基础教学。
基于以上分析,我从以下三个维度确定了本节课的教学目标:1、初步认识复式条形统计图,通过生活的实际例子,使学生感受产生复式条形统计图的必要性,并能独立补充完整复式条形统计图,初步体会复式条形统计图的特点以及图例的作用;2、培养学生的统计意识,通过创设情境,在解决实际问题过程中培养学生的识图、分析能力。学生尝试根据实际需要收集整理相应数据并进行描述的过程;3、引导学生通过对比、分析、绘制等活动,经历认识复式条形统计图的过程,培养学生从统计的角度思考问题的意识,并能根据统计的结果作出简单的分析、判断和预测。4、通过统计意识的培养,使学生感受统计在生产、生活中的广泛应用。体会应用收集整理和描述数据的方式来阐述观点的方法。其中,将认识纵向复式条形统计图,根据统计图对数据进行合理有效的分析定为本节课的教学重点,将体会图例的作用定为本节课的教学难点。
为了突出教学重点,突破教学难点,在设计本节课时,我以“创设情境——自主探索——交流完善——联系生活”为主线贯穿课堂始终,同时运用“情境教学、引导交流、互相评价、拓展生活”的教学方法组织课堂教学,让学生在贴近生活而极具时代感的情境中进行学习,在老师恰到好处的点拔和引导下进行探究,在老师精心预设下让课堂的动态生成更有价值。而“教法为学法的导航,学法是教法的缩影”,因此,学生在学习过程中将运用“观察、比较、迁移、独立思考、合作交流”等方法来帮助学习,使学生在掌握本节课知识要点的同时,了解统计知识的本质性,初步学会一定的学习方法。
《课标》中明确指出:应注重所学内容与现实生活的密切联系。而考虑到教材中提供的素材是某地区1985年至20xx年城乡人口统计情况离城市孩子的实际生活较远,不便于学生理解他的现实意义,作为新课的开场不足以调动学生学习的积极性。因此,根据孩子的年龄特征,我创设了“学校一日评比活动情况统计”这一素材中,让学生在熟悉的情境中寻找到学习新知的切入点。在多媒体播放完“一日评活动”的录像,设问:如果你是这位小干部,打算用什么方式向老师汇报评比情况?随着学生的发言,引出用条形统计图来汇报评价结果直观清楚。老师立即通过直观地、按顺序呈现四(1)班三月份和四月份两张单式条形统计图,让学生通过观察获得“统计图的名称、统计的内容”及其他发现的信息,凸现研究问题需要调查、收集数据、整理数据制成统计图表后进行分析这一最终目的。同时,通过现时情境的呈现,不仅复习已有的单式条形统计图的有关知识,同时引出本节课要研究的新问题,“比一比一日评活动中某一项三、四两个月的变化情况”,使学生感受到用两张单式条形统计图对两个月数据情况进行比较、分析不太方便,帮助学生产生“合二为一”的想法,萌生使用复式条形统计图进行比较的需求,任务的驱动有效地调动学生探究新的统计图的积极性,达到进一步学习的目的,渗透复式条形统计图的作用。
新课程理念强调,要让学生经历知识的形成过程。因此,我组织学生先在小组中交流方法,再独立尝试绘制统计图。接下来的反馈过程可以说是本节课的重要环节,要达到在交流中完善复式条形统计图的目的。而这个环节非常关注学生思维能力水平的不同,考虑学生自主探索绘制的统计图会有很大的区别,因此教学过程在反馈成果时设计了分层递进处理学生自主探索绘制的统计图资源。学生反馈过程一共分为4个层次:(1)用一种颜色绘制一幅统计图;(2)用两种颜色绘制一幅统计图;(3)用两种颜色并配以文字说明的方法绘制;(4)用两种颜色加图例的绘制情况。根据学生反馈的这些丰富资源,老师再组织学生进行比较、优化,在四幅图中选一个最佳的,并说明理由,让学生在交流、辨析中经历认识复式条形统计图的全过程,初步体会复式条形统计图与单式条形统计图的区别,并明确用两种不同颜色并配以体例说明的是最简洁、清楚地表示两个月各项分的统计图。
接下来,我还设计一个反思、完善的活动,让学生反思最初自己绘制的统计图,在哪方面不够完善,不够简洁,逐步完善自己对复式条形统计图的认识。
在学生对本节课的教学内容有了较清晰的认识时,立即揭示统计图的名称,“像这样的条形统计图我们把它叫作复式条形统计图” ,随即对这张复式条形统计中的数据进行分析,收获信息,并解决一些相关问题。最后,围绕设问“复式条形统计图与单式条形统计图有什么区别?”展开讨论,通过比较,进一步丰富对复式条形统计图的认识,使生成资源转变为学习的资源。
本课在练习环节共安排两个练习一个欣赏,练习内容设计是递进的。第一层次的练习是“体育赛场”中的统计图,属于基本练习,通过呈现姚明、奥尼尔在20xx年近四场比赛中得分情况的复式条形统计图直接获取信息,但在呈现时老师有意只出示统计图,不出示图例,让学生产生冲突,“没办法回答下面问题”,因为没有图例,不知道哪种颜色的直条表示谁。设计统计图的“图例”后出的过程,目的在于加强学生对复式条形统计图的认识,进一点使学生认识到复式条形统计图例的作用和单式条形统计图的区别,巩固识图的基本技能。第二个层次则是让学生独立完成教材主题图的素材,根据复式统计表绘制统计图,并解决相应的问题,让学生独立经历收集、整理、描述和分析的全过程,这是综合练习的过程。
另外,教学设计时还注意到本课内容面对的是四年级的学生,生活中看到的素材不够丰富,所以,教师利用课的尾声,展示一组复式条形统计图让学生欣赏,如:近三年江西主要景点十一期间游客人数量统计图;南昌四季度空气质量一级、二级天数统计图……让学生感知到当三个项目、四个项目……需要进行比较时都可以选择绘制复式条形统计图,凸现复式条形统计图的优势,体现生活与数学的密切联系。最后一张横向复式条统计图也为下一节课的学习作了伏笔。
一粒水珠当它凝固时,我们能欣赏到它的晶莹剔透;而当它流动时,我们更能感受到它滑润过的轨道所留下的痕迹。我们的课堂也是如此,流动的轨迹,生成的智慧,是我们每一位教师正在倾心追求而为之努力的目标。
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《手拉手》这一课呈现了两个小朋友为希望小学的同学提供帮助的生活情境,使学生体会小数计算在实际生活中的应用,进一步体验到学有价值的数学的态度观,同时也让学生受到一定的爱心教育和环保教育。
学生已学了整数乘法的运算律,本节课把整数乘法的运算律迁移到小数乘法中,大部分学生易于接受。
教学目标:
1、知道整数乘法的运算律在小数乘法运算中仍然适用。
2、能运用乘法的运算律让小数乘法计算简便。
3、结合教材提供的素材,对学生进行爱心教育和环保教育。
教学重点:
知道整数乘法的运算律在小数乘法运算中仍然适用。
教学难点:
能运用乘法的运算律让小数乘法计算简便。
1.情境创设法。这节课中,我充分利用教材提供的生活情境,把数学学习与实际生活紧密联系,从而体会小数计算在实际生活中的应用。
2.比较、迁移、归纳法。 课堂中,我引导学生将整数简算与小数的进行比较,通过观察比较、迁移类推,使学生顺理成章的归纳得出整数的运算定律在小数中也适用。
学生是学习的主体。遵循这一主旨,我在本节课中,着重以下学法的指导:
1.敢于质疑法。 新课程倡导学生在学习中敢于提出问题,敢于质疑。所以,在出示生活情境后,我让学生提出自己的问题,进一步培养了学生敢于质疑的学习态度。
2.合作、交流、探究法 有了独立思考、独立解决问题作为前提,合作、交流、与探究在学习中更必不可少。这节课中,我适时引导学生在小组内交流讨论、体验探究、比较归纳,使学生发现其中的规律,利用规律解决问题。
根据本节课的教学目标、重点和难点,我从四个环节设计了教学流程:
(一)复习旧知 导入新课
(二)自主探究,构建新知
1、结合情境独立尝试解决问题。
2、具体计算,探索计算方法。
3、对照比较,总结方法。
(三)巩固练习,应用提升。
(四)总结收获,拓展延伸。
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(一)教材的地位和作用
《三角形内角和》一课是人教版义务教育课程标准实验教材四年级下册第五单元的内容,是在学生学习了《三角形的特性》以及《三角形三边关系》,《三角形的分类》之后进行的,在此之后则是《图形的拼组》,它是三角形的一个重要特征,也是掌握多边形内角和及解决其他实际问题的基础,因此,学习,掌握三角形的内角和是180°这一规律具有重要意义.
(二)教学目标
基于以上对教材的分析以及对教学现状的思考,我从知识与技能,教学过程与方法,情感态度价值观三方面拟定了本节课的教学目标:
1.通过"量一量","算一算","拼一拼","折一折"的小组活动的方法,探索发现验证三角形内角和等于180°,并能应用这一知识解决一些简单问题.
2.通过把三角形的内角和转化为平角进行探究实验,渗透"转化"的数学思想.
3.通过数学活动使学生获得成功的体验,增强自信心.培养学生的创新意识,探索精神和实践能力.
(三)教学重,难点
因为学生已经掌握了三角形的概念,分类,熟悉了钝角,锐角,平角这些角的知识.对于三角形的内角和是多少度,学生并不陌生,也有提前预习的习惯,学生几乎都能回答出三角形的内角和是180°.在整个过程中学生要了解的是"内角"的概念,如何验证得出三角形的内角和是180°.因此本节课我提出的教学的重点是:验证三角形的内角和是180°.
本节课主要是通过教师的精心引导和点拨,学生在小组中合作探索,通过量一量,折一折,撕一撕,画一画,选择不同的一种或者几种方法来验证三角形的内角和是180°.
因为《课程标准》明确指出:"要结合有关内容的教学,引导学生进行观察,操作,猜想,培养学生初步的思维能力".四年级学生经过第一学段以及本单元的学习,已经掌握了三角形的分类,比较熟悉平角等有关知识;具备了初步的动手操作,主动探究的能力,他们正处于由形象思维向抽象思维过渡的阶段.因此,本节课,我将重点引导学生从"猜测――验证"展开学习活动,让学生感受这种重要的数学思维方式.
我以引入,猜测,证实,深化和应用五个活动环节为主线,让学生通过自主探究学习进行数学的思考过程,积累数学活动经验.
引入
呈现情境:出示多个已学的平面图形,让学生认识什么是"内角".( 把图形中相邻两边的夹角称为内角) 长方形有几个内角 (四个)它的内角有什么特点 (都是直角)这四个内角的和是多少 (360°)三角形有几个内角呢 从而引入课题.
【设计意图】让学生整体感知三角形内角和的知识,这样的教学, 将三角形内角和置于平面图形内角和的大背景中, 拓展了三角形内角和的数学知识背景, 渗透数学知识之间的联系, 有效地避免了新知识的"横空出现".
猜测
提出问题:长方形内角和是360°,那么三角形内角和是多少呢
【设计意图】引导学生提出合理猜测:三角形的内角和是180°.
(三)验证
(1)量:请学生每人画一个自己喜欢的三角形,接着用量角器量一量,然后把这三个内角的度数加起来算一算,看看得出的三角形的内角和是多少度
(2)撕―拼:利用平角是180°这一特点,启发学生能否也把三角形的三个内角撕下来拼在一起,成为一个平角 请学生同桌合作,从学具中选出一个三角形,撕下来拼一拼.
(3)折-拼:把三角形的三个内角都向内折,把这三个内角拼组成一个平角,一个平角是180°,所以得出三角形的内角和是180°.
(4)画:根据长方形的内角和来验证三角形内角和是180°.
一个长方形有4个直角,每个直角90°,那么长方形的内角和就是360°,每个长方形都可以平均分成两个直角三角形,每个直角三角形的内角和就是180°.从长方形的内角和联想到直角三角形的内角和是180°.
【设计意图】利用已经学过的知识构建新的数学知识, 这不仅有助于学生理解新的知识, 而且是一种非常重要的学习方法.在探索三角形内角和规律的教学中,注意引导学生将三角形内角和与平角,长方形四个内角的和等知识联系起来, 并使学生在新旧知识的连接点和新知识的生长点上把握好他们之间的内在联系.在整个探索过程中, 学生积极思考并大胆发言, 他们的创造性思维得到了充分发挥.
深化
质疑: 大小不同的三角形, 它们的内角和会是一样吗
观察指着黑板上两个大小不同但三个角对应相等的三角形并说明原因,三角形变大了, 但角的大小没有变.)
结论: 角的两条边长了, 但角的大小不变.因为角的大小与边的长短无关.
实验: 教师先在黑板上固定小棒, 然后用活动角与小棒组成一个三角形, 教师手拿活动角的顶点处, 往下压, 形成一个新的三角形, 活动角在变大, 而另外两个角在变小.这样多次变化, 活动角越来越大, 而另外两个角越来越小.最后, 当活动角的两条边与小棒重合时.
结论:活动角就是一个平角180°, 另外两个角都是0°.
【设计意图】小学生由于年龄小, 容易受图形或物体的外在形式的影响.教师主要是引导学生与角的有关知识联系起来,通过让学生观察利用"角的大小与边的长短无关"的旧知识来理解说明.
对于利用精巧的小教具的演示, 让学生通过观察,交流,想象, 充分感受三角形三个角之间的联系和变化, 感悟三角形内角和不变的原因.
(五)应用
1.基础练习:书本练习十四的习题9,求出三角形各个角的度数.
2.变式练习:一个三角形可能有两个直角吗 一个三角形可能有两个钝角吗 你能用今天所学的知识说明吗
3.(1)将两个完全一样的直角三角形拼成一个大三角形, 这个大三角形的内角和是多少
(2) 将一个大三角形分成两个小三角形, 这两个小三角形的内角和分别是多少
4.智力大挑战: 你能求出下面图形的内角和吗 书本练习十四的习题
【设计意图】习题是沟通知识联系的有效手段.在本节课的四个层次的练习中, 能充分注意沟通知识之间的内在联系, 使学生从整体上把握知识的来龙去脉和纵横联系,逐步形成对知识的整体认知, 构建自己的认知结构, 从而发展思维, 提高综合运用知识解决问题的能力.
第一题将三角形内角和知识与三角形特征结合起来,引导学生综合运用内角和知识和直角三角形,等边三角形等图形特征求三角形内角的度数.
第二题将三角形内角和知识与三角形的分类知识结合起来,引导学生运用三角形内角和的知识去解释直角三角形,钝角三角形中角的特征, 较好地沟通了知识之间的联系.
第三题通过两个三角形的分与合的过程,使学生感受此过程中三角内角的 变化情况, 进一步理解三角形内角和的知识.
第四题是对三角形内角和知识的进一步拓展, 引导学生进一步研究多边形的内角和.教学中, 学生能把这些多边形分成几个三角形, 将多边形内角和与三角形内角和联系起来,并逐步发现多边形内角和的规律, 以此促进学生对多边形内角和知识的整体构建.
三角形内角和
引入:
猜测:
验证:
量——算
撕——拼
折——拼
2025年四年级数学说课稿一等奖(十八篇)
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