《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计(6篇)
文件格式:DOCX
时间:2023-03-23 00:00:00    小编:那些无名之辈

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计(6篇)

小编:那些无名之辈

无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都尝试过写作吧,借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇一

1、知识目标:初步认识角,知道角的各部分名称;会初步比较角的大小;能辨认角和用尺子画角。

2、能力目标:通过让学生观察、操作分析、比较,培养学生的观察能力、动手操作能力和抽象思维能力,发展学生与同伴合作解决问题的意识,并培养学生初步学习用自己的语言表达解决问题的大致过程和结果。

3、情感目标;结合生活情景认识角,使学生感受角与生活的密切联系,并在探索角的过程中获得成功的体验。

让学生形成角的正确表象,知道角的各部分名称,能用尺子画角。

让学生通过直观感知理解角的大小与边的长短无关。

三角板,活动角,,五角星纸片等。

直尺,三角板,,带孔木棒,等

一、激趣导入

师:今天老师还给大家带来了一份礼物,认识它吗?(五角星)

师:那你们知道它为什么叫五角星吗?

生:因为它有五个角。

师:你可真聪明,那你能指出它的角都在哪里吗?生:指角师:不错,这就是它的角,其实在生活中还有很多角,这节课我们就来好好认识角好吗?(板书角的初步认识)这就是这节课我们要学习的新内容——角的初步认识

二、探究新知。

1、联系实际,找角

师:小朋友们刚才能够指出五角星中的角,一看大家就很聪明,老师忍不住想考考大家,我们这里有一张美丽的校园情景图,大家能找出这幅图中隐藏着的角吗?我要看看谁的眼力最好。

生:到前面指角

师:看来大家个个都是火眼金睛,这么快就找出了这里面的角。

3、找生活中的角。师:同学们观察得很仔细,在日常生活中很多地方有角,在我们身边,就有很多物体上有角,你能找到吗?在小组内把你看到的角说给别人听,看哪个小组找到的角最多。(小组活动:找角)

[设计意图:立足三维目标,让课堂和谐平等。学生以小组为单位从身边找角,并且互相说说,一方面充分体现了教学的民主性,给每个学生创造了均等的学习、参与的机会,使每个学生都有了展示自己的机会;另一方面使学生经历了从现实生活中发现角、认识角的过程。使学生体会到数学并不神秘,数学就在日常生活中,就在自己身边,使学生感受到数学与现实生活的密切联系,培养了学生学习数学的兴趣和意识。]

对碰二:初步感知,指角认角

1、指角。师:哪个组的同学想先把你们组找到的角指给大家看?

(注:所有学生指角的过程都是点了一下角的顶点处。)

2、出示红领巾、数学书。这些平时用的实物中有角吗?谁来指一指?

3、引导正确指角。师:老师明白了,同学们指出的角原来是这样一个图形(边说边在黑板上点一个点),这是个角吗?(不是,这是个点)。师:对,这是个点,刚才同学们指的不就是这样吗?想想看,怎样才能将你想的样子完整地指出来?在小组里讨论一下,再指指看。

4、同桌互相指角。

师:哪位同学能指给大家看一看?

师:现在同学们指角的时候,不光指了一个点,还指出了两条直直的线,也就是这样一个图形(出示现成的角),但大部分同学的指法还不对。想不想看看老师是怎样指角的?(演示)

出示幻灯片,练习指角、辩角。

6、角的各部分名称

师:想不想知道角的各部分名称,打开数学书39页看谁先找到答案。

小结:角是由一个顶点和两条边组成的。(学生做笔记)

[设计意图:在这里,学生感知到的角是生活中的角。所以在指角时指的是角的顶点处。教师没有去急着帮学生纠正语言与动作,而是充分利用了学生认知过程中的“盲点”巧妙地引导学生自己发现错误,把学生对角的认识自然地从生活实际过渡到数学知识,同时通过几次“指角”,使学生逐步建立了正确的“角”的表象。然后自然地引出角的各部分名称。]

对碰三:动手操作,比角

1.体会角的大小。

(1)教师演示活动角(两条边张开一些):你发现角怎么样了?怎么会变大的?(板书:张开)(两条边收拢一些):这个角怎么样,怎么又会变小的?

(2)小结:角的大小就是两边张开的大小。

(3)改变角的大小。你能把自己做的角变大变小吗?学生上台展示,教师结合讲评。出示圆形纸折的直角,能做一个比这个角小一些的角吗?那么小很多的角应该怎么折呢?演示钉子板上的角,把刚才做的角变大些,变小些。

[设计意图:让学生通过自己的操作来感知角的大小是与两条边张开的大小有关的,为下面比较的大小作好准备。]

2.比较角的大小。

(1)观察法。师生拿出活动角,教师做出一个角,引导学生做出比老师小和角,找两个小朋友的角和教师的角比。怎么样?(学生回答)

(2)重叠法。①引导学生观察刚才两个小朋友的角,谁的大一些?②学生想办法比较,指名上台演示,得出重叠法。一条边要对齐,看另一边张开的大小,再确定角的大小。③巩固重叠法。同桌做两个角,比一比,教师巡视,指名两个学生演示一下。

(3)体会角的大小与边长无关。

①教师拿出活动角,引导学生做出比老师大的角。

②把角的边剪短,思考:这样的角小了吗?

③学生说理由并用重叠法证明角的大小没变。

④用自己的胳膊形成一个角,把角变大,再变大,想想,你的胳膊变长了吗?把角变小再变小,想想你的胳膊变短了吗?

出示幻灯片,练习比角。

[设计意图:让学生在实践操作过程中体会、理解角的大小与两条边又开的大小有关这一知识点。注重了学生的观察、操作与体验,培养了学生的探索意识和创新意识。]

对碰四:体验感悟,画角

师:现在大家已经会比角了,那你能尝试画一个角吗?

1、学生看书,勾画出画角的方法,边画边读。

2、学生尝试画角,指几名同学板画。

3、教师示范画角,边画边讲解怎么画角。

4、再画一个角,标上角的各部分名称。

课堂小结:同学们,这节课我们一起认识了角,动手比了角,画了角,还在生活中找到了很多的角,其实,只要你善于观察,生活中处处都有数学。

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇二

����

�����ë½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½38��39ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ëµï¿½1~3�⡣

����

�����çµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ç°ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì²ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿ªê¼ï¿½ð²½³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½çµè¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï½ç£ï¿½ï¿½á»­ï¿½ç¾í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£ºò»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�����ý¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¾ï¿½îªï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½îµä½çµè¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½îµì¶¨ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����

����1����ïµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

����2������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½öªï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ­(��)��öªï¿½ï¿½(��)�����(��)������ò»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½è½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½î³é½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½î¡£

����3�������ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½é¶ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£

����

����1��öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï½çºí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����2������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ìºí½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����ä¿ï¿½ê£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ø¡ï¿½

������ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ð¡ï¿½ú°å£¨ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ô²ï¿½î£ï¿½

����׷�ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½çµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1����ïµêµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç£ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ï¿½í¥,���ç¶ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,����������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ê²ã´?�ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ê¦ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç¡ï¿½

������2���ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������3����ò¯ò¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç¡ï¿½

��������

������2��������ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ê¶ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç£ï¿½

�������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºó£¬µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ç½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½,��������ð©ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½?����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½é´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½í´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ó£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

������ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ûµä°ñ½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ûµø±è½ï³ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ñ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡¢í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©

������1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ö½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ò»ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó¡ï¿½(ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ûµã½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡)

������2���������ûºãµä½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3��������

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ûµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã±¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ð±ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4�����������

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½2��ó²ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ä»°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ç±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ñ½çµä±ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½è¥ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

��������õ¸õµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½

�������çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹ø£ï¿½ï¿½â±¾ï¿½çºü¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»î¶¯ï¿½çµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����5���çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ë»­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£©

������1�������î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù»ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

������2��������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������3����õ¹ê¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½

�������ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

��������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½

����1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ëµï¿½1�⣨�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

���������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ç£ï¿½

����2����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ëµï¿½2�⣨�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����3������������ç£ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ëµï¿½3�⣨�î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�������ô´ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½õ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡£ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½

����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½î³ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����塢������òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£

����ò»ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����������ë¼î¬ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇三

�����ë½ì°æ¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½38��39ò³ï¿½ï¿½

����

����1��öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï½çºï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����2������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºí¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ìºí½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����3�����ä¿ï¿½ê£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ø¡ï¿½

�������ç°å£¬ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½æ¬ï¿½è¡ï¿½

����ö±ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶

��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½

����1����ïµêµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ç£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾íºü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ì²ï¿½×¡ï¿½ë¿¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ô°ï¿½é¾°í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½

����������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½û½ð¾¦£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½

����3���������ðµä½ç¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¹û²ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç£ï¿½

����[�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ð³æ½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ê¹ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á£»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ö½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½]

������������������öªï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½

����1��ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ע������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½çµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ã´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ð©æ½ê±ï¿½ãµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ë­ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò»ö¸?

����3��������è·ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ã£©ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½õ²ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����4��í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½çµï¿½ê±ï¿½ò£¬²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ö³éµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½çµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����6���çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½39ò³ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ð°¸¡ï¿½

����ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½

����[�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ê±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ã´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã»ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²½½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½]

���������������ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½

����1�����çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

������1����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·¢ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?�����飺�å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½?

������2��ð¡ï¿½á£ºï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

������3���ä±ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½?ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ô²ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ûµï¿½ö±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ò»ð©ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ã´ð¡ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ä½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ð©ï¿½ï¿½

����[�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹øµä£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ïµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]

����2���è½ï½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

������1���û²ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ð¡ï¿½í½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä½çºí½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ç±è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½?��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½

������2���øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä½ç£ï¿½ë­ï¿½ä´ï¿½ò»ð©?��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¨ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½â¡ï¿½

������3�����çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ø¡ï¿½

�����ù½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½

�����ú°ñ½çµä±ß¼ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ã»ï¿½ä¡£

���������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ì²²ï¿½î³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ì²²ï¿½ä³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿°ñ½ç±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ù±ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ì²²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½è½ç¡ï¿½

����[�����í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»öªê¶ï¿½ã¡£×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½]

���������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½å»­ï¿½ï¿½

����3����ê¦ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ß»ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

����4���ù»ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½

��������ð¡ï¿½á£ºí¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ëºü¶ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ö»òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇四

人教版二年级数学上册第38、39页、做一做及练习八第1~3题。

角的初步认识这一教学内容,是学生在已经初步认识长方形、正方形和三角形的基础上进行学习的。由于学生在学习角的有关知识前,通过对许多物体的感知,已经积累了有关角的感性经验,所以教材从引导学生观察实物开始逐步抽象出所学几何图形,再通过学生实际操作活动,如折一折、摸一摸、做活动角等加深对角的认识和掌握角的基本特征。

教材中不要求掌握角的定义,只要求学生认识角的形状,知道角的各部分名称,能辨认角,会画角就可以了。这部分内容,教材在编排上还有两个显著特点:一是强调数学知识与现实生活的密切联系,如主题图“美丽的校园”和例1的内容都是学生熟悉的;二是强调在实际活动中掌握知识,如安排了“做角”“画角”等若干活动,都是想让学生在亲自的动手操作中完成学习任务。

学生熟练掌握这部分内容就为以后进一步学习三角形、长方形和正方形以及平行四边形的角等几何图形奠定了基础,起着承前启后的作用。

1、联系学生生活实际,让学生在生动、丰富的背景中学习数学,感受数学与现实联系,体会学数学的实用性,学有用的数学。

2、引导学生在感知的基础上加以抽象概括,充分遵循(从)感知→(经)表象→(到)概念这一认知规律,采取找一找、看一看、摸一摸、做一做、比一比、想一想、等教学手段,让他们在大量的实践活动中掌握知识形成角的概念。

3、发挥现代教学多媒体的优势,通过形象生动的教学手段吸引学生的注意力,把静态的课本材料变成动态的教学内容,让学生在动手中思维、在观察中分析,把外在可见和内在不可见的角印在大脑里。

1、知识目标:初步认识角,知道角的各部分名称;会初步比较角的大小;能辨认角和初步用尺子画角。

2、能力目标:通过让学生观察、操作分析、比较,培养学生的观察能力、动手操作能力和抽象思维能力,发展学生与同伴合作解决问题的意识,并培养学生初步学习用自己的语言表达解决问题的大致过程和结果。

3、情感目标;结合生活情景认识角,使学生感受角与生活的密切联系,并在探索角的过程中获得成功的体验。

让学生形成角的正确表象,知道角的各部分名称,能用尺子画角。

让学生通过直观感知理解角的大小与边的长短无关。

多媒体课件,三角板,剪刀,活动角,不规则纸,绳子。

一、情境导入,激发兴趣。

师出示小黑板(分别是圆、长方形、正方形、三角形,每一个图形都被遮住了一部分)

让学生猜一猜。

师:我们来玩一个猜图形的游戏,猜一猜是什么图形?(先猜圆形)

追问:“你们为什么不猜成是圆形?你是根据什么来猜测的?”

师:今天我们就来认识图形朋友——角(板书课题:角的初步认识)

二、自主探究,动手实践。

1、联系实际找角(课件出示主题图)

(1)、学校就是我们的大家庭,我们都要爱这个大家。瞧,在这个美丽的画面中,人们在干什么?哪儿有角?(生仔细观察汇报)

生1:老师拿的三角板上有角。

生2:钟表的时针和分针组成了一个角。

生3:老爷爷手里拿的剪刀上有角。

……

(2)、再仔细观察我们周围,你发现哪儿有角?把你的发现小组里说说。学生交流,师巡视。

(从学生的生活经验和实际出发,联系实际寻找生活中的角,让学生充分体会到数学知识就在我们身边,数学来源于生活,生活中处处有数学。)

2、认识角的各部分名称

师:“角”有时很淘气,藏在物体中,找一找这些物体的身体中哪里藏有角?

(课件出示:“剪刀”、“插有吸管的饮料筒”、“水龙头”)

学生讨论后,电脑闪烁各角,从实物中抽象出角。

师告诉学生:像这样的图形就是角。

师:观察这些角,它们有哪些相同点?引导学生用自己的话说。

这些角有什么地方不同?

小组讨论并派代表汇报结果。让学生知道角有各种不同的形状和大小。

这些角有什么相同的地方?

学生汇报后,教师讲解角各部分的名称:顶点、边、边。

仔细观察这些角,你知道一个角有几个顶点,几条边吗?

(借助于现代化的教学手段,通过课件演示形象直观的把角从物体中抽去出来,客观地比较出角的相同点和不同点,降低了教学难度,有利于突出重点、突破难点。)

3、动手操作折出角

师:同学们认识了角,想不想做一个角?(想)

(1)、师:请同学们拿出圆形纸片,这张纸上有角吗?你知道怎样才能折出角呢?试一试,玩一玩。教师巡视。(纸对折,再对折,折出一个角。折得角有大小)

(2)、把你折好的角指给同桌看。

(3)、摸角

学生摸一摸自己折的角,发现什么?有什么感受?并把自己的感受说给小组同学听。

小组汇报:(有一个尖尖的地方是顶点,和两条直直的线叫边。)

(在动手折角的过程中,培养学生的观察、思维、动手操作能力和自主参与、合作交流能力。)

4、动手做活动角

师:同学们真聪明,不仅能折出大小不同的角,还能正确摸出有角的物体。那你们能不能用桌面上的2根硬纸条和1个图钉,做出一个角来呢?(生做,师巡视,随机指导)

师:玩玩你做的角,你能让它变大变小吗?你能用一句话来告诉大家怎样让角变大,怎样让角变小吗?(引导学生用自己的话说)

师:如果老师把角的边剪短,角的大小变了吗?再剪短,变了吗?把你手里的活动角的两边减去一些,角的大小有变化吗?

想想刚刚的活动,你认为角的大小与什么有关?(与两条边张开大小有关)

(角的大小与两条边张开的大小有关,这本是很枯燥难讲的知识,教学中通过对活动角的操作,使学生在玩的过程中很容易的就理解了它们之间的关系,达到了设计的目的。)

5、角的画法:

师:同学们可真厉害,折出了角,也做出了角,想不想画角呢?(想)

(1)、(课件演示)师再示范,请同学们仔细看,先画什么,再画什么?

(2)、生先说画法,再动手在纸上画。

(3)、展示学生作品。(选有代表性的贴在黑板上)

(在动手操作中,检验学生的学习情况,学生也学的高兴,学的开心。)

三、目标训练,拓展提高。

1、做一做。(看谁的眼力好)练习八第1题(课件出示)

下面的图形哪些是角,哪些不是角?

2、数一数,下面图形分别有几个角。练习八第2题(课件演示)

3、下面的两个角,哪个角大?哪个角小?练习八第3题(课件演示)

(以闯关的形式进行练习,更能激发学生的参与热情和积极主动性,使学生始终处于乐学、爱学的心理状态。)

四、归纳总结,共同点评。

师:今天,我们认识了角,知道了角各部分的名称,还会找角、折角、做角、画角。同学们学的很认真。说一说你有什么收获吗?(学生自由发言)

(培养学生的归纳总结、逻辑思维能力,使学过的知识形成系统性。)

五、课下作业,拓展延伸。

一张长方形的纸,剪去一个角,再数一数有几个角。

(培养思维和动手操作能力。)

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇五

谈话:刚才我们欣赏了美丽的稻香小镇——望亭,鱼米之乡美景尽收眼底。你们看到了哪些景物?

问:看,在这些物体上,你能找到哪些曾经学过的图形?

师:小明同学也有发现,听,他发现了什么?

问:你们发现角了吗?角是怎样的呢?

揭示课题:今天这节课就让我们一起走近角、认识角、研究角。(板书课认识)

(设计意图:课前视频《稻香小镇——望亭》动感的画面,震撼的音乐,一方面给学生带来感官的冲击,一方面帮助学生回忆并再现之前学过的平面图形,画面中藏着要认识的新的图形——角,如此忆“形”引“角”,顺其自然地引入了本节课所要研究的新问题,学习在不知不觉中已经开始。)

(一)认识角

1.指角

师:老师这里有一把三角尺,三角尺上有角吗?请同学们拿出三角尺,指一指角。

教师用笔描出“.”,然后取走三角尺。

问:这是角吗?

师:那应该怎样正确的指角呢?(边示范边讲解)先指这里的一个点,再沿着两条边指,最后像这样在两条边之间画一条弧线,这就是角。

生跟着老师一起指一指,再同桌互相指一指。指出课件中物体上的角。

师:这些物体上有很多的角。为了把这些角看得更清楚些,我们把物体上的一些角移下来(课件演示角下移过程)标上角的标记,它们就成了数学上的角。

(设计意图:多次教学实践研究表明:学生找“角”容易,指“角”困难。教师基于学生的认知起点,对不准确的指角方法进行纠正、示范,充分发挥教师的主导作用,实现向“数学化”的过渡,在此基础上,组织学生通过不同层次的指角活动,不断强化对角的形状的感知,为之后的抽象和概括提供必要的经验支撑。)

2.认识角的各部分名称和特征

问:小朋友们仔细观察这些角,它们有什么相同的地方?

师:这些尖尖的地方,有它的名字,叫顶点。(板书:顶点)直直的线是角的两条边。(板书:边)

问:一个角有几个顶点?几条边?

指名学生回答,课件依次出示角的顶点和边。

师:角都是由一个顶点和两条直直的边组成的。

(设计意图:通过比较不同的角,找到共同的特征,使学生越来越清晰地建立起角的表象,同时也培养学生的归纳能力)

(二)巩固角的基本特征

1.判断辨析,再次巩固角的特征

师:课前我们欣赏了美丽的北太湖风景区,你们想去玩吗?想去看美丽的油菜花海吗?那必须通过稻草人的考验才能顺利到达目的地,小朋友们,你们有信心吗?

稻草人1:欢迎同学们来参观油菜花海,请跟我来吧!

稻草人2:小朋友们,我要先考考你们的判断力。

课件出示想想做做第1题,下面哪些是角,哪些不是角?

师:是角的,我们用这个手势表示(√),不是的用这个手势(×)。

学生判断,指名说说理由。

稻草人3:你们的判断力真强,我要给你们点个大大的赞!继续跟我来吧!

2.找一找生活中的角。

稻草人4:小朋友们,角隐藏在我们生活的每一个角落,你们能找到身边物体上的角吗?

同桌合作,互相指一指、说一说。

3.数一数图形中的角(想想做做第2题)

稻草人5:小朋友们,想进入油菜花海大门就必须输入正确的密码。密码是由每幅图角的个数组成的数,看你们是否能顺利找到密码,进入油菜花海!加油!

指名学生上台数一数,写一写。

师:小朋友们,你们输入的密码是否正确呢,让我们一起喊出“开门大吉”,好吗?

课件出示油菜花海视频,视频最后有绿化带工人在修剪树枝。

(设计意图:练习设计遵守循序渐进的.原则,富有层次。通过角的辨析,生活中找角、指角,以及在图形中找角等一系列活动,进一步巩固角的认识,明晰角的特征,同时让学生初步认识到,角作为图形中的一部分,是隐含在很多图形中的。)

(三)感受角的大小

师:为了使景区更美,油菜花海路边的绿化带里,园林工人正在修剪树枝。(课件出示绿化带工人修剪树枝的两张图片,一把剪刀张开得大,一把剪刀张开得小。)

问:小朋友们,你们看到角了吗?仔细观察剪刀上的角,你们有什么发现?

指名回答。

师:也就说明角是有大小的。(板书:角有大小)

问:你们想不想亲自动手创造一个角?

师:老师给大家准备了一个神奇的造角工具,请同学们拿出来,创造一个角,完成后举起来让大家看一看。

学生活动。

启发:我们做出的角称为活动角。现在我们就好好地来利用这个活动角,看看你的本事大不大!请听要求——

师:这是老师做出的角,用你的活动角做一个比老师做的角大很多的角。再举给大家看一看。

问:你是怎么做的?

用你的活动角做一个比老师做的角还小很多的角。做好的举起来。

问:你是怎么做的?

师:通过做角活动,你有什么发现吗?

指名学生边回答边演示。

师:我们一起来感受下。把角变大,再大一点,变小,再变小一点。

问:现在你知道角的大小与什么有关吗?

生:角的大小与两边张开的大小有关。

同桌两人各做一个角,比一比谁做的角大一些,谁做的角小一些。做好的角不能变哦。

学生活动,教师巡视,指名交流。

师发现凭观察难以比出大小的情况,教师让两位学生到讲台前举起角。

问:这两个角,哪个大,哪个小?学生意见不一。

师:有什么好方法来比较出这两个角的大小呢?

指名学生上台来演示比较的过程,发现这两个角的大小相等。

问:你是怎么比较的?

生:把顶点对齐,再把一条边对齐。

课件出示边长不一样的两个角,问:这两个角呢?哪个大,哪个小?怎么比?

师:见证结果的时候到了。课件演示重合。

课件演示把角的两条边慢慢拉长,问:如果把这个角的两条边拉长,角会变大吗?

课件演示把角的边慢慢缩短,问:角的大小有变化吗?

问:所以角的大小跟两条边的长短?

生:角的大小跟两条边的长短无关。

(设计意图:本环节,首先通过剪刀张开的大小初步认识到角是有大小的,角的大小是可以比较的。再让学生每人做一个活动角,并用活动角分别做出比老师做的角大和小的角,力图让学生直观感受到角的大小与两条边张开的大小有关。接着,通过同桌做角、比角,结合课件比较了边长一样、边长不一样的角,但角的大小相等,让学生感知角的大小与两条边的长短无关。注重了学生的操作、观察和体验。这样的活动,能使学生对角的大小获得丰富的体验。)

师:同学们,最近油菜花海管理人员想在长方形油菜花地地里建一个儿童游乐场,如果割掉一个角把剩下的地用来建造游乐场,猜一猜,这块地还有几个角?

学生先猜一猜,再动手操作,教师巡视。

学生回答展示,课件同步演示。

问:你们还能想到不一样的剪法吗?可不可以拐着弯剪?

师:看,这样拐着弯剪,就会剩下6个角。如果这里拐的弯越来越多,剩下的角就会越来越多。你看我们数学就是这样的变化无穷又充满乐趣。

(设计意图:这个拓展练习,学生通过猜想、验证,交流提升数学思维的深刻性和广阔性,让学生在练习中,大胆的猜想,愉悦的思考,充分感受到数学学习的乐趣。)

师:这节课我们认识了一个新朋友——角。你们有什么收获吗?

师:你们的收获可真多呀!对自己的表现满意吗?让我们用一个手势来表示一下成功的喜悦。你看到角了吗?

师:因为有了角的存在,我们的生活变得更加多姿多彩。关于角的知识还有很多,课后大家可以继续探究角更多的奥秘。

(设计意图:让学生用手势表示成功的喜悦,有人用v字,有人画√,使学生感受到角在生活中的广泛应用,再看角多了一份数学的眼光。)

《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计篇六

����

����ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò¡ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµ×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¿

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ò²ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½

������ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ò¡ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä»ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ðº³µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ùµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½í¼ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡°ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ñ§ï°ï¿½ú²ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½

����1.ö¸ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ß£ï¿½ö¸ò»ö¸ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

������ê¦ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.����è»ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ß¡ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½â£©ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ä»­ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ç¡ï¿½

������������ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ç¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½çµä±ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ïµä½ç¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ô²ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ú´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ç»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ä¸ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½îªö®ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����2.��ê¶ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£©ö±ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ß£ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½çµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ß¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ö±ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµä¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ì½çµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����1.�ð¶ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î¹ï¿½ï¿½ì½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ì«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äµø£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?

����������1����ó­í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����������2��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½è¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�⣬������ð©ï¿½ç½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ç£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½çµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½

����������3�����çµï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½

����2.��ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ç¡ï¿½

����������4��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ò»ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½

����3.��ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�⣩

����������5��ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½çµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ðº°³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ó¼ª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ­ï¿½ò½¥½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.ô­ï¿½ò£¬¸ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½î¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ç¡ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½çµï¿½ò»ïµï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªí¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºü¶ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�������������ü½çµä´ï¿½ð¡

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ô°ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ò»ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½

�������������������ä½ç³ï¿½îªï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾íºãºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½â´ó²»´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó¡ª¡ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç´ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ù¾ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

��������ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ä½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù±ï¿½ð¡ò»ï¿½ã¡£

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���������çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½

����í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç´ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ë­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ð¡ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¾ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±è³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ø£ï¿½

����ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½è½ïµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½è½ïµä£ï¿½

���������ñ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ù°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½è£ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½øºï¡ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ñ½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

�����î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ñ½çµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½

���������çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ø¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ô±è½ïµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ç·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¹ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½è½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ß³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¹ø¡ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½çµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ã·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ë»ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï½¨ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ê£ï¿½âµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ó¡ï¿½

����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½

�����ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿¿é²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½6���ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½à£¬ê£ï¿½âµä½ç¾í»ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨µä²ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½â³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½çµä´ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½çµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºü¶à£¬ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½

�����������í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±ï¿½ê¾ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½v�ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¹ã·ºó¦ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ù¿ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¹â¡£ï¿½ï¿½

猜你喜欢 网友关注 本周热点 精品推荐
精选文章
基于你的浏览为你整理资料合集
《角的初步认识》教学设计及反思 张齐华角的初步认识教学设计(6篇) 文件夹
复制