铺地砖教学反思(6篇)
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铺地砖教学反思篇一
本课是生活中的数学问题——铺地砖。例题中给出了小明卧室的长和宽以及地砖规格和单价。其中卧室的单位是米,地砖的单位是厘米,单位不统一涉及到单位换算。本课要求学生解决三个问题:(1)用边长为40cm的正方形地砖铺满整个地面,至少需要多少块这样的地砖?需要多少元?(2)用边长为30cm的正方形地砖铺满整个地面,至少需要多少块这样的地砖?需要多少元?(3)小明爸爸妈妈的房间面积约为18m2,用边长40cm的正方形地砖铺地面,至少需要多少块这样的地砖?需要多少元?
问题1和问题2都是运用多种方法计算地砖的块数(有三种方法)。即:
卧室面积÷一块地砖面积=地砖块数 一排地砖数×排数=地砖块数
一块地砖面积×地砖块数=卧室面积。
前两种方法是算术方法(也是估计方法),第三种是方程。
在计算之前,要让学生估计地砖块数(这是本课的教学难点)。第一个问题作为例题处理,第二个问题作为巩固题处理并且涉及到地砖不是整块数时要采用进一法处理。第三个问题比例题还要简单。
学生在三年级下册学过铺地砖,重点是弄清平方米与平方分米之间的换算关系。由于时间关系,学生多数已经遗忘了是怎样铺地砖的。长度单位和面积单位换算进率混淆。另外,在学习本课之前,学生学习了长方形、正方形、三角形、平行四边形和梯形以及解方程。计算图形的面积没有问题,但是找等量关系列方程比较困难,多数学生怕麻烦,喜欢用算术方法解决问题。
1、通过自主学习,在观察比较中获得新知。
2、学数学用数学,体会数学与生活的紧密联系。
3、运用现代教育手段突破难点。
1、综合运用图形面积、乘除法、方程等知识解决铺地砖问题,进一步了解数学在生活中的应用。
2、进一步增强估算意识,提高估算能力。
3、通过铺地砖活动,认识到要从实际需要出发,合理选择所需的地砖。
:目标一
:估计地砖的块数。
:理解地砖是怎样铺的。
本课教学设计流程为为:揭题——复习——探究新知——巩固练习——拓展——全课总结
课开始直奔主题,揭示课题,然后利用课件复习怎样铺地砖,这样既理解地砖是怎样铺的,又得出了估算的方法。
新课教学时,让学生观察图画找信息提问题。其中把书上的第三个问题改为“用哪种地砖便宜,便宜多少钱?”。第一个问题作为例题处理,利用课件先估算地砖块数,再独立精确计算。担心学生不用方程解,所以提出“看谁的方法多”。学生可能会出现三种方法解决,即:用大面积除以小面积,用一排地砖数乘排数或用方程。学生汇报方法时教师引导学生说解题思路,并板书出数量关系式。最后说说自己喜欢哪一种方法,并说说喜欢的理由。教师小结后,学生独立完成第二个问题,重点引导地砖不是整块数时该怎么办?第三个问题与1、2题相同且更简单,所以改为“用哪一种地砖铺地面便宜些?便宜多少元?”这个问题可采用口答完成。
课末如果有时间,可进一步拓展,讨论“有没有其他方法计算哪种地砖更省钱?如果有,把它写下来。如果没有时间,可作为第二课时的内容。
最后是全课小结。
: 教师(课件) 学生:预习数学书、了解生活中是怎样铺地砖的。
本课的难点是估计地砖的块数,突破这一点关键就是理解地砖是怎样铺的。所以课件演示铺地砖会突破难点。也为新课教学作了很好的铺垫。学生课外了解铺地砖,既帮助理解新知,也获得了必要的课外知识。
板书设计:三种方法并排,三个数量关系式写出来,便于学生观察比较和运用。
一、揭题
1、前段时间我们学习了图形面积计算、乘除法、方程等知识。这节课,我们就运用这些知识来解决生活中的铺地砖问题。(板书课题:铺地砖)
2、你知道生活中人们是怎样铺地砖的吗?
3、(出示课件)这是一个长方形地面,这是地砖的规格。你认为该怎么铺?估计一排可以铺几块?可以铺几排?估计这个地面可以铺多少块?
小结:我们知道了地砖是一排一排的铺的,而且还知道怎样估计地砖的块数。
二、探究新知
1、小明家最近买了一套新房,爸爸准备给小明的卧室铺上地砖。要铺地砖,首先要了解什么?
2、(课件出示主题图)请大家观察图画,你发现了那些数学信息?
3、你能根据这些数学信息提出哪些数学问题?
4、今天这节课,咱们就解决这三个问题?(课件出示问题)。请大家齐读这三个问题。
5、现在我们来解决第一个问题。默读题,你知道了什么?(理解铺满、至少)
6、估计大约要多少块转?(课件展示估计过程)
7、你能运用以前学过的知识准确地计算出地砖的块数吗?独立计算,看谁的方法多。
8、汇报,引导学生说解题思路板书数量关系式。
方法一: 方法二: 方法三:
400×300÷(40×40) 400÷40×(300÷40) 解:设至少需要边长40cm的地砖x块。
=120000÷1600 =10×7.5 (40×40)x=400×300
=75(块) =75(块) x=75
答:至少需要75块。
9、你喜欢哪种方法,为什么?
10、齐读数量关系式。
小结:通过学习,我们知道了计算地砖块数的方法很多。以后我们在解决这类问题时要认真读题弄清数量之间的关系,灵活运用这些方法。
三、巩固练习
1、现在我们来解决第二个问题,有信心完成吗?看谁完成得又对又快。
2、汇报。追问:为什么要≈134块?
小结:当地砖不是整块时,我们要采用收尾法。
四、拓展练习
讨论:有没有其他方法计算哪种地砖更省钱?如果有,把它写下来
五、全课总结
同学们,这节课我们解决了什么问题?你有什么收获?
板书设计:
铺地砖
方法一: 方法二: 方法三:
卧室面积÷一块地砖面积=地砖块数 一排地砖数×排数=地砖块数 一块地砖面积×地砖块数=卧室面积
400×300÷(40×40) 400÷40×(300÷40) 解:设至少需要边长40cm的地砖x块。
=120000÷1600 =10×7.5 (40×40)x=400×300
=75(块) =75(块) 1600 x=120000
x=75
答:至少需要75块地砖,需要600元。
铺地砖教学反思篇二
教学目标:
知识与技能:
1、学习综合应用图形面积、乘除法、方程等知识解决简单的实际问题,加深对所学相关知识的理解,提高综合运用水平。
2、进一步增强估算意识,提高估算能力。
过程与方法:
让学生在独立思考与合作交流的过程中提高应用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
情感态度与价值观:
进一步了解数学在生活中的应用,并在实践中对学生进行美育渗透。
教学重点:学习综合应用图形面积、乘除法、方程等知识解决简单的实际问题,加深对所学相关知识的理解,提高综合运用水平。
教学难点:估计地砖块数的方法。
教学用具:多媒体课件 卧室平面图及两个小正方形卡片
教学过程
一、情境引入:
(课件出示:工人师傅铺地砖)工人师傅在干什么?笑笑家也打算铺地砖。他们全家在建材市场选中每块8元50cm×50cm规格的地板砖,和每块5元40cm×40cm规格的地板砖。请你们帮她家算一算,你愿意吗?
二、自主探究
1、分析问题:(课件出示)现有两种规格的地砖:第一种:40cm×40cm,每块5元;第二种:50cm×50cm,每块8元。
师:你还需要什么条件才能计算出所需的砖的块数?
生:小明家的卧室的长是多少米,宽是多少米。
(课件出示)小明家的卧室的长是5米,宽是4米。
师质疑:40cm×40cm表示什么有意思?
2、解决问题一:在铺之前,老师想请同学们先来估算一下,这两种地砖各需要多少块?可以利用学具(卧室平面图及两个代表方形地砖的小正方形)摆一摆,拼一拼。
生:125块,因为一平方米大约能铺6块,客厅20平方米,所以能铺100多块,第二种地砖大约需80块。
生:利用平面图摆一摆,长可以摆10块,宽可以摆12块多,估计共需要120多块地砖。
师:那大家估的准不准呢?我们就来实际计算一下,在计算之前那位同学可以给大家温馨提示?
生:温馨提示:计算要细心,计算要准确。
注意平方米和平方厘米的换算,单位要统一。
师:请同学们小组讨论一下如何计算。计算用边长为40cm的正方形地砖铺满整个卧室,至少需要多少块这样的地砖?需要多少元?如果遇到困难可以看书中93页的内容。
学生先独立完成,老师巡视,交流时让学生说说是用什么方法计算的,结果是多少?
生1:可以用客厅的面积除以一块地砖的面积。
生2:看1平方米能能铺多少块,再看有多少平方米。
生3:用方程解,设需要x块这样的地砖。
生4:可以看长能铺多少块,宽能铺多少块再乘起来。
3、解决问题二:把学生做的多种方法拿来投影。喜欢哪一种方法,就用自己比较喜欢的方法来计算第二种地砖要多少块?多少元钱?
质疑:假如用卧室的面积除以一块砖的面积的结果不是整数,该怎么办?(让学生明确这时要利用进一法来取近似值。)
3、方案对比:你会选择哪种方砖铺地,为什么?
建议:在日常生活中我们铺地砖的时候是选择美观又便宜的地砖。
三、巩固练习
1、笑笑家客厅的长是6米,宽是4米,有四种规格的地砖,边长20cm每块2元;边长30cm每块5元;边长40cm每块8元;边长50cm每块13元。你会选哪种?小组合作学习。提示:讲清设计理由,互查计算结果,讲述喜欢的方案。
2、判断题:
(1)在同一块地面上所用地砖的面积越大,使用的`地砖块数越多。( )
(2)4块完全相同的方砖一定能拼成一个大正方形。( )
(3)边长为50分米的方砖面积是2500平方米。( )
四、总结:
同学们能够利用所学的平面图形面积及乘除法有关的知识解决了铺地砖这一实际问题,可见数学在实践中真的在发挥着作用和价值。
我们还想出了不同的铺设方法,可见你们是多么善于动脑、乐于创新的孩子呀!
五、作业安排
完成书p93“试一试”
六、板书设计:
铺地砖
房间的面积÷一块砖的面积 方程:
5×4÷(0.5×0.5) 一块地砖的面积×块数=房间的面积
长铺的块数×宽铺的块数 0.5×0.5×x=5×4
(5÷0.5)×(4÷0.5)
铺地砖教学反思篇三
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铺地砖教学反思篇四
1、使学生能灵活应用面积计算的知识,合理地解决铺地砖的实际问题
2、使学生在合作、探索和实践中体会数学与生活的联系,感受数学的作用与价值,逐步培养学生的数学意识。
3、在实践中对学生进行美育渗透,培养学生的审美意识和创新精神。
一、创设情景、揭示课题
首先欣赏样板房,然后说一说你家的客厅是怎样布置的?从而揭题进入解决问题的情景中。
二、运用知识解决问题
问题1:小明家要搬新家了,他爸爸想在客厅里铺上地砖,具体该做些什么呢?爸爸把这个任务教给了小明。你认为小明该做些什么呢?需要购买80×80的地砖多少块?
[学生小组合作,模拟铺设,交流反馈,教师评析,小结方法]
问题2:小明家的餐厅也是长方形的,长420厘米,宽400厘米,用40×40的地砖来铺,你认为需要购买这样的地砖多少块?
[教师启发:在一边或几边不能刚好铺完而有剩余的情况下该怎样计算它的块数或行数?学生小组合作交流,探索解决的方法]
问题3:小明的爸爸想在客厅地面四周铺上宽是20厘米的大理石条,你认为可以选择哪种地砖来铺?需要购买多少块?
[学生:小组合作、模拟操作、探索解决的方法并交流反馈;教师适当评析并小结]
问题4:根据平面图,请各小组选择一个房间,设计一个铺地砖的方案。
[学生:小组选择,设计方案,交流反馈;教师适当评析]
三、回顾小结,交流体会
⑴提问:通过今天的活动,你有哪些收获?
⑵总结谈话:感谢同学们为老师设计了这么丰富的铺地砖方案,老师在装修时一定考虑同学们的建议。同时祝愿大家能更灵活地把所学的数学知识用到实际生活中,让数学真正为生活服务。
铺地砖教学反思篇五
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