在现在社会，报告的用途越来越大，要注意报告在写作时具有一定的格式。优秀的报告都具备一些什么特点呢？又该怎么写呢？下面是小编带来的优秀报告范文，希望大家能够喜欢!

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇一

一、实习目的

1.通过对水库、水电站、试验基地以及水文站等的参观和现场报告，增强对水利水电工程专业的感性认识，促进理论与实践的结合，增加工程概念，丰富生产知识，对将要从事的工作有初步的了解和亲身感受，提高分析和解决实际问题的能力，为今后的工作打下基础。

2.熟水利枢纽的组成与总体布置，各种水工建筑物的作用、布置方式及运行管理。

3.了解水利工程规划、设计、施工和运行管理的基本步骤，加深对工程施工技术、施工组织和施工管理知识的理解。

4.培养学生吃苦耐劳、艰苦努力、遵守纪律、等优良品质和增强集体观念，总结此次实习与我们所学专业的相关联系。

二、实习地点

飞来峡水利枢纽工程广东省水利试验基地(飞来峡)珠江水利科学研究院里水试验基地西南水闸北江大堤佛山市三水水文站

三、实习内容

1.北江大堤

现代北江大堤在广东北江下游左岸，从清远石角镇骑背岭，沿北江支流大燕水入干流南下，入三水大塘、芦苞、黄塘、河口、西南镇，止于南海小塘镇狮山，全长63?34公里，是珠江三角洲众多堤围中最长的一条。它所捍卫范围属北江、西江三角洲地区，地质时期是珠江溺谷湾一部分，海湾中耸立着一系列小岛，晚第四纪(1～2万年)以来，多次海浸海退，形成西北江复合三角洲，但直到近千年时间里，才堆积形成现代三角洲平原。

综观北江大堤地区水利事业是在三角洲网河水文、地形等基础上发展起来的。它始于宋代筑堤围垦，经元明以来扩大和发展，到清代达到高潮。然而只到民国时期，水利才作为一项综合性基础设施出现在社会经济生活中。这个过程和发展规律，又与三角洲开发历史阶段性特点紧紧联在一起的。宋代北江堤围主要在发展粮食生产方面起了保障作用，明中叶以后，则在三角洲经济作物种植，基塘农业兴起，促进广州、佛山等工商业城市繁荣，以及三角洲东部区域发展等方面发挥不可替代作用。北江大堤所具有的直接或间接的航运、防洪、灌溉等功能，虽每因时代而变迁，但它们是作为一个整体互相影响，综合发挥作用的，且与所在地区社会经济状况、生态环境变化形成相互依存、相互促进的联系。可以说，没有水利事业的发展和兴盛，三角洲的开发和经济繁荣是不可能的，北江大堤在其中起了一个举足轻重作用。即使在今天，水利事业仍是三角洲各项产业发展和维护生态平衡的重要因素，它的历史作用并没有因其发展过程完结而泯灭。总结北江大堤修筑、维护、管理等历史经验，寻找其成败得失，对三角洲水利事业、城镇和流域规划、产业布局都有重大意义。

2.飞来峡水利枢纽

飞来峡水利枢纽位于广东省北部，清远市飞来峡境内，距省会广州仅65公里。飞来峡水利枢纽是以防洪为主，兼有航运、发电、供水和改善生态环境等综合效益的水利枢纽水库，总库容19亿立方米，最大坝高52.3米，主副坝长2952米，装机容量14万千瓦，船闸可通过500吨级组合船队。

坝址控制流域面积3.4l万km2，占北江流域面积的73%，水库总库容l9.04亿m3，防洪库容l3.36亿m3，多年平均年发电量5.54亿kw.h。飞来峡水利枢纽工程的开发目标以防洪为主，兼顾航运、发电、养殖、供水、旅游和改善生态环境。

工程为一等工程，挡水建筑物为l级。枢纽建成筑物由主坝、船闸、厂房和副坝等组成,根据地形、地质、施工等条件，从左岸问右岸依次布置为船闸、厂房、溢流坝和土坝。

主坝由两部分组成∶溢流坝为混凝土重力坝，共设l6个流流孔，采用弧形钢闸门，其中15孔为带胸墙的泄洪孔，另一孔为排漂表孔：土坝为均质土坝，坝顶-长度1826m，最大坝高28.8m。副坝共3座。总长539.3m，最大坝高27m。船闸为单线一级船闸，最大过闸船队2x500t，上引航道长约l300m，下引航道约l500m。厂房类型为河床式，安装4台单机容量为3.5万kw的灯泡贯流式机组，该机组的转轮直径和单机容量为全国之首。

这是我们实习的第一站，也是我所见到过的最大的水利枢纽工程。可以说，这也是我作为一个水工人的重要一站。

3.广东省水利试验基地

广东省水利试验基地是广东省重点科研基地，基地位于清远市飞来峡水利枢纽管理区内，于xx年开工建设，总占面积123400m2(长200m、宽130m)、简易试验场37000m2(早在1999年建设并已投入使用)、科研办公楼以及各种配套场地设施，配备了基于工业以太网的新型水力物理模型试验测控系统，并装备有目前国际先进水平的三维造波机、二维移动式造波机、风浪水槽等一大批先进科学仪器设备，是具有现代化水平的水利科学试验研究基地和工程研究中心。1#试验大厅可满足同时开展我省东、西、北、韩江防洪减灾及水资源优化配置工程体系的试验研究、珠江三角洲网河及八大口门综合治理等特大型物理模型试验所需场地要求。利用简易试验场，已完成了思滘水利枢纽、潮州供水枢纽、高陂水利枢纽等多项重大水利工程建设的科研任务，为广东现代化的水安全保障体系建设提供了科技支撑。

4.珠江水利科学研究院里水试验基地

珠江水利科学研究院里水试验基地于xx年投入使用，xx年又挂牌水利部珠江河口海岸工程技术研究中心。该基地的珠江河口整体物理模型占地三万多平方米，是目前国内最大的潮汐物理模型之一，该模型主要对上游来水的分流比和水沙的运动规律进行分析研究，提出珠江三角洲防洪、防咸、防污的解决方案及应对措施。基地面积3825平方米，横跨50米，长76.5米，土建面积5014平方米。大厅主要包括试验区、办公区、控制室、仪器室、会议室、分析室、资料室、仪器值班室、资料室等。多年来，珠委科研所完成的大量大、中、小型水工模型试验项目包括水工整体模型，施工导流模型，泥沙模型，流道模型和泄洪、引水管道等模型试验研究，研究范围覆盖整个珠江流域和三角洲网河地区，为珠委行使流域管理职能做出了应有的贡献。

试验大厅建成后，拟在内开展的试验研究项目主要有：枢纽整体模型，导流截流整体模型、泄洪闸断面模型、引航道冲沙闸进口模型、输水系统水利学试验整体模型、溢洪道气蚀试验等。实习中，我们主要参观了大藤峡水库、珠江三角洲等试验模型，并且观看了珠江三角洲水系模型和卫星图，听取了有关港珠澳大桥等工程的相关介绍。

在广东省水利试验基地和里水试验基地，我们看到了大量的工程物理模型和卫星照片，深深的感受到了一个个伟大水利工程后面所要做的准备工作是多么的不容易。在听取了工作人员热情的讲解介绍后，更为自己的专业而骄傲。

5.西南水闸

西南水闸位于北江下游左岸三水县西南涌口，与芦苞水闸共同控制北江的过量洪水进入广州及其西北地区，直接为西南涌内14万亩农田排水灌溉创造有利条件，并减轻洪水对大堤的压力。

5.1规划设计

水闸工程的规划设计，是以北江水位4.78米以下时尽可能满足北江下游堤围排水。在此水位时能通过346立方米/秒的过闸流量而定。由水电部广州勘测设计院负责，水闸工程规设原则是按西、北江下游防洪规划，以西江高要站百年一遇洪水机遇北江横石站10年一遇洪水时，西南水闸最大分洪流量1100立方米/秒，推算得闸外特大洪水位为9.88米为校核条件。如遇1915年型洪水时，仍须在清远一带采取临时分洪措施，方能保证西南水位不超过校核洪水位。

闸址是根据水工模型试验来选定，参照苏联专家的建议将闸顶工作桥高度降低，使梁底与胸墙顶衔接，增加闸顶超高。水闸总净宽90米，分设9孔，每孔净宽为10米，孔高4米，孔顶高程5.8米，全闸总宽为106米，总长为127米。当闸外水位为9.88米时闸门关闭，闸内水位3米，最大闸外内水位差为6.88米。闸门孔设钢制弧形闸门，孔顶以上至闸顶为钢筋混凝土胸墙，高5.08米，各孔胸墙外缘墩面上设有挡水横梁为消除门外两侧水流产生立轴漩流之用。胸墙顶设有(精选幼师实习报告)工作桥(桥宽4米)，桥上安装9台人力、电动两用卷扬机，作闸门启闭用。工作桥内侧设人行桥(桥宽2.3米)，各孔闸墩宽2米，墩长16米，为重力式分离结构，两岸闸台与北江大堤连接。闸前铺盖长36米、厚0.3米混凝土保护层，底下为防渗粘土层(粘土层前端厚0.5米，后端2.5米，左右埋深在翼墙下与闸台后粘土心墙相连接。闸底板长17米(渗径总长73米)，渗流从闸后反滤体溢出，闸后消力塘总长26.5米(前段10.5米)，塘深为0.74米，中部包括反滤板，宽3.2米，板上设有消力墩，三排墩顶高1.8米，塘下游连接浆砌石海漫10米及干砌石20米，上、下游两边翼墙均为浆砌石扭曲面，各与引水堤或导流堤相连接，其中，右前导流堤长70米，堤前连接岸墙，闸后左岸引堤长100米，右岸长200米，均用干砌石护坡防冲。

5.2北江大堤加固达标工程的重头戏——西南水闸重建工程

西南水闸始建于1957年，是北江大堤防洪体系的重要组成部分。xx年6月召开的西南水闸安全鉴定会，鉴定结论认为：西南水闸存在严重安全问题，无法按原设计正常运用，需报废重建。水闸重建工程于xx年2月25日正式动工。

水闸为分洪闸，同时兼顾引水灌溉与改善水环境功能。闸底板设计高程为一0.5m(旧闸底板高程为1.80m)，水闸共设3孔，每孔单宽20m，液压平板钢闸门，水泥粉煤灰碎石桩基础，砼防渗墙截渗。

西南水闸重建工程由广东省水利水电第二工程承建，广东科源工程公司监理。工程总投资约为5400万元，xx年5月完成，竣工后的西南水闸不仅担负着分泄北江洪水的重任，而且还将常年引水入闸，改善西南涌的水环境。

我们所参观的现代化设备和管理的西南水闸，正式重建后的西南水闸，所以按设计提出的管理运行技术要求，现在均已经进一步完善。

6.佛山市三水水文站

6.1三水水文

佛山市三水区境内河涌交错，西江、北江、绥江在此汇流,三水资源丰富，拥有水域面积24.85万亩，主要江河每年流经境内的水量2891.9亿立方米。

西江流经青歧、金本、西南街道、白坭镇边境，北江从北至南纵贯大塘、芦苞、西南等镇(街道)，并经思贤滘与西江相通。另流经区境内，长度在14.6公里以上的河涌有西南涌、芦苞涌、漫水河、青岐涌、樵北涌、九曲河、左岸涌、大棉涌、刘寨引水涌、乐平涌等10条。xx年有三水(河口)、马口2个水文站，大塘海仔口、大埗塘水闸、刘寨水闸、芦苞水闸、黄塘水闸、西南水闸6个水位站。

6.2三水水文站实习

6月24日，我们最后参观的是一个全国重点水文站――三水水文站。这个水文站看起来简简单单,站上的员工只有屈指可数的9人，但是实际上它已经有100多年的历史了,是1899年由海关设立的广东省最早的水文观测点。站长给我们做了精辟的讲解：水文站的取址是很有讲究的，它所观测的水主要由西,北江的水组成,同时受潮汐的影响。接着介绍了我们的母亲河—珠江流域的概况及三水水文站的历史沿革，并针对目前三水水文站近几年先进仪器设备在一些项目的使用情况做了介绍。站长还带我们到该站在江上的一个光侧点参观，让我们了解了水文仪器的设置和观测方法，对水文信息的采集有了初步的认识。值得一提的是，在站址旁边，我们看到了一栋古老的标志西式建筑，据说那可以算是清朝时期的三水水文站呢

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇二

毕业实习是给水排水工程专业教学计划中非常重要的实践性教学环节之一，其目的是使学生更加深入地了解和掌握专业知识，扩大学生的专业知识范围，加深和巩固所学的理论知识，排水工程专业水厂毕业实习总结报告。使学生了解工程建设的程序以及各设计阶段的设计深度和要求，掌握城市给水工程、排水工程设计内容、步骤与方法；提高学生综合运用专业知识解决工程实际问题的能力。同时通过实地参观学习、导师指导以及资料查询等实习方式，收集与毕业设计（论文）题目有关的资料，为毕业设计（论文）作好准备。

实习地点:自贡市第一水厂(长土)

自贡市中联环水净化有限公司污水处理厂

实习时间:xx年.3.12至xx年.4.9

自贡市第一水厂实习

自贡市第一水厂（长土水厂）座落在贡井区长土镇，始建于1958年，设计日处理水能力为0.3万吨/日规模。水厂的水源主要为双溪水库水，通过20多公里渠道和后端8公里管道输送到厂，最大输水能力为5万吨/日单管输水；旭水河重滩堰为该厂的安全备用水源。水源水质达到国家集中式取水地面水源水质标准。水厂主供贡井城区和汇东部分城区。水厂环境优美，为省级园林式绿化单位。一水厂水处理生产工艺为：根据源水水质情况，在引水管道上进行前加氯，源水进入反应池后，在反应池中添加混凝剂进行混凝反应，随后进入沉淀池进行沉淀反应，沉淀之后的水进入滤池过滤，滤后水经过加氯消毒后进入清水池。清水池的水经过送水泵站送到城市管网。该厂目前在加氯和投药两个工艺实行了自动化管理，生产过程实现适时监控。确保出厂水水质达到国家饮用水卫生标准要求，实习总结《排水工程专业水厂毕业实习总结报告》。

1．了解城市水资源情况，水厂水源情况，水厂厂址选择原则，出水水质要求。

自贡市水资源情况:自贡市属缺水城市,存在资源性、工程性、水质性缺水的特点,缺水原因:1.不傍大江大河,境内缺乏大型骨干水利工程,水资源总量及工程调控能力有限。2.工业企业污染严重，城区过境的威远河、釜溪河的部分河段水质已基本丧失使用功能。3.降雨量时空分布不均。旱灾频率高达58.3%。由于自贡市去年遭受80年难遇的特大旱灾后，冬干、春旱接踵而至，致使现有的水利工程蓄水严重不足。尤其是作为自贡城区供水重要水源的双溪水库，蓄水量严重不足。使得城区生活、生产用水矛盾突出。

水厂水源情况：主要水源是双溪水库的优质水,其备用水源为旭水河河水。

水厂地址：在旭水河的上游土丘处，距河岸较近，便于修建岸边式的取水泵站。地距供水区：贡井区、自流井区的位置相对较近，且方便来水从荣县的双溪水库重力自流到自贡市的长土镇。距公路较近，交通方便。

出水水质：采取远程在线监控：原水水质控制点（在线浊度监控仪、原水水质采样导管）、滤前水质控制点、滤后水质控制点(水质取样、浊度、余氯量监测仪)、出水水质控制点、出水水量计、出水水压表,严格控制出水水质。

2．了解水厂的规模，工艺流程，平面及竖向布置情况。

水厂规模：自贡市供排水公司第一水厂规模为10万m3/d的老水厂

工艺流程：

3.了解水厂使用净水药剂（混凝剂、助凝剂）的品种、投量和投加方式方式；消毒方法、投加量及投加设备。

4.熟悉和了解各单项构筑物的型式、构造、工作过程、基本设计参数以及运行管理的内容、方法和经验。

1）取水构筑物：设计原则及位置选择，形式和构造，操作管理的内容和方法，取水泵房的布置，给水水泵的选择及附属设备的选择。

2)混合、反应设备（絮凝池）：混合设备类型，设计运行参数。反应池形式、构造及设计要点，设计运行参数（流量、停留时间、g、gt）。

3)斜管沉淀池：构造、工作特点、设计运行参数和附属设备情况。

4)重力无阀滤池：构造，工艺尺寸，配水系统形式，滤料种类，级配及层数，冲洗方式、强度及历时，膨胀度，冲洗水的供给及排除，管廊布置，自动控制设备，滤池运行操作程序，处理效果等。

5)消毒设备：消毒方法，加氯量，加氯间及氯瓶库布置。

6)清水池及送水泵站：清水池容积、构造及尺寸，送水泵站的工作特点，水泵布置和调度方式。

5、了解水厂自动化设施及运行情况。

6、了解水厂的组织管理及运行的指标，包括人员编制、漏失水量和水厂自用水量，每吨水的电耗、药剂消耗量、制水成本和水价等。

通过到水厂实地参观学习，首先对水厂近期的工作情况，工作任务，水源问题，生产工艺有了更进一步的了解，尤其是对水源的突变问题，提出的解决方案有了初步的了解。其次，实地观察制水工艺，这是一座的传统工艺，60年代建成时产水几千吨，后由于城市的发展需要，经改造扩建后变成2万吨、3万吨、8万吨，其中无阀重力式滤池老系统是95年建成投产，新系统是99年建成投产，逐渐完成生产能力增大的改变，对处理工艺：絮凝—沉淀—过滤的工艺流程，以及其工作原理有了更深入的了解，并将理论联系实际，从理论认识到感性认识，更加深刻地掌握了以往所学的知识，理论指导实践，并在这个过程中发现自己理论认识不完善、不全面的地方，更发现了一些自己错误的认识，再结合书本，进一步纠正和完善自己的理论知识，以此完善和提高自己的专业知识。

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇三

实习地点：口上水库，东武仕水库，岳城水库

通过实习让我们在大脑中建立起水利水电工程模型，对水工建筑物的外观，规模，作用及特点有了很大的了解，了解水利规划，设计，建设及管理利用。同时对电站的工作模式有一个感性的直观认识，为以后的专业学习打下基础。

1、口上水库

位于武安市西北部，距邯郸约60公里。建于1966至1969年，最大水面2500亩，库容量3200万立方米。坝横阻于门道川与常社川入口处。为浆砌石重力坝，高81米，长185米坝顶宽10、5米，水库容量3200万立方米，在溢流段上建有交通桥。一坝雄踞，宛如银壁，雄伟壮观。湖面呈倒“人”字型，分东西两支。东支为常社川的前段，西支为门道川的前段，各有3公里长。

2、东武仕水库

东武仕水库位于磁县境内滏阳河干流上，距京广铁路和磁县城约7公里，控制流域面积340平方公里，总库容1、52亿立方米。是拦蓄滏阳河上游来水，引蓄漳河客水，保证下游防洪安全和城市供水、农业灌溉，兼有发电、养鱼等多种效益的重要水利枢纽工程。

东武仕水库是邯郸市直接管理的唯一一座大型水库，1958年初动工兴建，1959年9月初步建成为总库容6400万立方米的中型水库。1970年4月至1974年4月又扩建为大（二）型水库。扩建工程主要包括大坝裁弯取直、坝体加高培厚、加固发电洞、新建泄洪洞、扩挖非常溢洪道等工程。

扩建后的大坝坝顶高程111、2米，最大坝高33、3米，坝顶长度2646米，坝顶宽5、75米，坝顶上筑有高1、3米的防浪墙。泄洪洞进口底高程84、5米，共分3孔，每孔净宽和净高均4米，洞身全长120米，3孔最大泄量可通过千年一遇洪水流量825立方米每秒。非常溢洪道位于上游左侧距离大坝1公里处，进口底高程105米，边坡1：1、5，纵坡1／1400，全长20xx余米，宽150米。溢洪道进口有一挡水土埝，埝顶高程109、5米，顶长164米，顶宽6米。为保证在非常情况下，能最快拆除挡水土埝，顺利溢流泄洪，在埝顶设有竖井式主副药室各15个，紧急时爆破炸开土埝泄洪。

3．岳城水库

岳城水库位于磁县境内漳河干流出山口处，是一座大型防洪控制性工程，控制流域面积（晋、冀、豫三省）18100平方公里，占全流域面积的99、4%，水库总库容13亿立方米，是担负有防洪、灌溉、供水、发电等重要作用的水利枢纽。30多年来在保障水库下游河北、河南、山东三省的39个县（市）的1416万人，2732万亩耕地和京广铁路的防洪安全，促进地方经济的发展中发挥了巨大的社会和经济效益。

岳城水库于1959年10月动工兴建，1960年开始拦洪，1970年建成。为提高防洪标准，1987年9月至1991年底对大坝进行加高的同时，加固了溢洪道，改建了泄洪洞，防洪标准由三百年一遇提高到接近二千年一遇。

加固后的主坝坝顶长3603、3米，最大坝高55、5米，坝顶宽7、1米，副坝坝顶长2693、4米，大副坝最大坝高32、5米。主坝坝顶高程159、5米，防浪墙顶高程为161、3米。溢洪道位于主坝左侧与副坝的连接处，进口闸共9孔，净宽108米，设计最大泄量12820立方米每秒。泄洪洞为坝下埋管式，共9孔，断面为圆拱直墙式，孔径6×6、7（宽×高），设计最大泄量为3370立方米每秒。

主要泄洪方式岸边溢洪道，大坝特点是坝下泄洪洞（涵管）。

三天里，我们的先后参观三个水库的挡水建筑物包括大坝、闸门；泄水建筑物包括溢洪道、溢洪遂洞等及水电站厂房。

我们先参观的是挡水建筑物，实习老师及水库工作人员热情地给我们讲解了大坝的作用、类型及水库的一些相关数据，随后我们去了溢洪道，我们进入水下闸门操作室，体验到了其壮观，熟悉了工作原理及简单操作方式。

最后进入的是水电站厂房，厂房又分为上部结构和下部结构，上部结构包括各层楼板及其梁柱系统、吊车梁和构架、以及屋顶及围护墙等。其作用主要为承受设备重量、活荷重和风雪荷载等，并传递给卞部结构；下部结构包括蜗壳、尾水管和尾水墩墙等结构。接着我们观看了发电机组和它的一些控制设备，那些控制设备都是记录有关发电机的运行状态。解答我们提出的各种问题，我们从他们口中知道了那些用途和原理，并且了解了很多的有关检查设备的方法。接下来我们观看了巨大的水轮机，共有三台，连接水轮机的是压力管道，压力管道是指从水库、前池或调压室向水轮机输送水量的管道。

（一）水库的综合效益

一项水利枢纽工程一般主要具有防洪、发电、旅游等巨大的综合效益。以岳城水库为例。

1、防洪

经岳城水库调蓄，可调节防洪库容达13亿m3，能有效地拦截漳河以上来的洪水，大大削减洪峰流量，使河段防洪标准提高到两千年一遇的特大洪水，可配合分洪等分蓄洪工程的运用，防止漳河河段两岸发生干堤溃决的毁灭性灾害，减轻中下游洪灾损失。

2、发电

岳城水库水电站总装机容量1、8万千瓦，年平均发电量8亿千瓦时。它将为邯郸地区提供可靠、廉价、清洁的可再生能源，对经济发展和减少环境污染起到重大的作用。

3、旅游

岳城水库水质清澈，岸边清爽宜人，是旅游胜地，带来一定的旅游效益。

（二）对水工建筑物的认识

通过实习，初步形成了对水工建筑物外观，规模，作用及特点的认识；了解了大坝、闸门、溢洪道、溢洪遂洞及水电站厂房、机组的性能及特点；了解了水工专业的重要性及特殊性，为以后学习专业课及工作打下了良好的基础。

通过三天的认识实习让我对我们的专业有了深入了解，明确了未来工作的方向和工作任务。这样在我以后的学习中更容易抓住重点，学好专业知识。

当然我们看到的不仅是这些工程存在的不合理问题，我们还可以看到一个水利工程所带来的经济效益和生态效益。我们在实习的时候感受了京娘湖的美好风光，还有岳城水库对邯郸、安阳供水之数据。更重要的是众多的水利工程保护着人民免受洪灾之苦，这一切都是水利工程的建设目的。虽然我们这次见到的工程主要是起调洪灌溉的作用。但做为我们水利水电工程的学生都知道水电站才是水利工程中的重中之重，水电做为一种绿色能源、无污染、不耗能，是国家大力发展的一个项目。

经过老师的介绍，我们还认识做一项水利工程所产生的影响力。水利工程需要投资巨大的财力和物力，整个水利工程不仅是一个地方的水库而是国家的工程。因此做每项工程都必须收集尽可能多的水文、地质、气象等资料，经过严密的科学论证，推断施工当中可能遇到的`一切可能的难题最后再结合当时的国力人力，及技术水平，综合一切，最后得出这个工程是该建还是不该建。这样才能做出造福人类的好工程。

通过短暂的实习，让我受益非浅，自己亲身实践的东西是自己永生难忘的。我身切体会到了做好自己工作的重要性，在做事之前，要周全考虑到各个方面，更要有逻辑思维和一丝不苟的态度来对待事情，对工作认真负责、一丝不苟，所以从未发生过重、特大安全事故，希望他们继续保持发扬这种精神。这是我应该学习的精神。

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇四

20xx年11月28日—20xx年12月11日

岳城水库、东石岭水库

通过实习让我们在大脑中建立起水利水电工程模型，对水工建筑物的外观、规模、作用及特点有了初步的了解，了解水利建设的程序：规划、设计、施工、建设及管理和运用。同时对水工建筑物和水电站的工作模式有一个直观的感性认识，为以后的专业学习打下基础。

水利工程是用于控制和调配自然界的地表水和地下水， 达到除害兴利目的而修建 的工程。也称为水工程。水是人类生产和生活必不可少的宝贵资源，但其自然存 在的状态并不完全符合人类的需要。只有修建水利工程，才能控制水流，防止洪 涝灾害，并进行水量的调节和分配，以满足人民生活和生产对水资源的需要。水利工程需要修建坝、堤、溢洪道、水闸、进水口、渠道、渡漕、筏道、鱼道等不同类型的水工建筑物，以实现其目标。按其服务对象分为防洪工程、农田水利工 程、水力发电工程、航道和港口工程、供水和排水工程、环境水利工程、海涂围垦工程等。可同时为防洪、供水、灌溉、发电等多种目标服务的水利工程，称为 综合利用水利工程。 水利工程的作用可概括为:防洪,发电,灌溉,养殖,通航,旅游,减少下游传染病传 播,减少下游水流泥沙含量. 天然水的地区分布很不均匀，每年来水的数量不同，在年内又往往集中在少 数月份，因此与人类用水多有矛盾。为了解决这些矛盾，人们做了一系列水利工 程。 其中： “水库”可以把江河流动的淡水储存起来， 供工农业和城市生活之用。

2.1水利枢纽的组成及其综合效益

岳城水库：

岳城水库位于磁县境内漳河干流出山口处，是一座大型防洪控制性工程，控制流域面积（晋、冀、豫三省）18100平方公里，占全流域面积的99.4%，水库 总库容13亿立方米，是担负有防洪、灌溉、供水、发电等重要作用的水利枢纽。主要由主坝、副坝、溢洪道、泄洪洞、电站、消能建筑及渠首建筑物等组成。它主要是储存水源，让水资源 合理利用主要的经济效益是给工农业提供水源，主要用于工业用水、农业灌溉、生活用水等。岳城水库的经济效益主要以提供饮用水（北方地下水不丰富，而且许多北方城市都出现了因地下水用量过度而产生塌 陷、地沉现象）、水力发电为主。

东石岭水库：

东石岭水库，面积约9平方公里，位于沙河市区西40公里处的渡口川上，距邢台市50公里。 秦王湖大坝始建于1969年，1978年主体完工，历时10年。库容为6800万立方米，大坝系水泥沙浆砌石结构的单拱重力坝，坝高81米，坝长252米，坝基宽41米，坝顶宽8米。 是一座以灌溉为主，防洪发电为辅的中型水库。枢纽工程包括主坝、溢流坝、泄洪洞、输水洞、水电站。水库的经济效益主要以提供灌溉、水力发电以及旅游为主。

2.2挡水建筑物的类型、参数、作用

岳城水库：

土石坝：包括一座主坝和四座副坝，全长6294.5m。主副坝为碾压式均质土石坝，加高扩建时用砂砾料在下游进行全断面压坡，最大坝高55.5m。加固后的主坝坝顶长3603.3米，最大坝高55.5 米，坝顶宽7.1米，副坝坝顶长2693.4米，大副坝最大坝高32.5米。主坝坝顶高程159.5米，防浪墙顶高程为161.3米。

闸门：进口闸共9孔，净宽108米，主要是控制泄水、蓄水，设计最大泄量12820立方米每秒。

东石岭水库：

主坝：主坝为单曲重力式浆砌石拱坝，坝顶高程384.2m，坝高82.2m，坝顶长256m，坝顶宽8m。

溢流坝：位于主坝中部，堰顶高程378.0m ，溢流面设计采用克-奥曲线，挑坎高程348.0m。溢流坝总宽83m，净宽72m，最大泄量2229m3/s。

2.3泄水建筑物的类型、参数、作用

泄洪洞：为坝下埋管式，位于主坝左岸，坐落在第四纪胶结不良砾岩上。由进水塔、洞身、出口消能段三部分组成，共9孔。洞径 6×6.7m，除右边孔用作电站输水外，其余8孔均用来泄洪，最大泄量3530m3/s，是我国最大的坝下埋管工程。

溢洪道：位于主副坝之间，基础以第三纪沙层为主，局部为粘土或砾岩，为开敞式陡槽型溢洪道。

东石岭水库：

泄洪洞：位于主坝左岸岩石中，断面1.9m×1.9m，进口高程328.5m，洞长200m，最大泄量50m3/s。

输水洞：位于主坝右岸坝体中，洞身为圆形，直径1.2米，为钢筋混凝土结构，进口高程334.0m，洞尾分为3个支洞，其中两个通往电站水轮机，一个为灌溉洞，最大流量5.5m3/s。

2.4水电站的型式、参数和工作原理。

电站：位于泄洪洞消力池右侧，于泄洪洞右边孔内装设直径 5m，长 280m 压力钢管引水发电，装机17000kw。水通过电站带动涡轮进而发电，实现从机械能转化到电能的过程。

2.5下游消能工的型式、原理

岳城水库：采用的消能方式是底流消能方式。所谓底流消能是指借助于一定的工程措施(如修建消力池)控制水约位置,通过水跃发生的表面旋滚和强烈紊动来消除余能。即在坝址下游设置一定长度的混凝土护坦，过坝水流在护堤坦上发生水跃，形成旋滚，使水流的能量通过掺气﹑水分子的相互撞击﹑摩擦而有一定程度的消耗，以减少或防止下游发生严重冲刷。

东石岭水库：东石岭水库采用的消能方式是挑流消能。 所谓挑流消能就是利用溢流坝下游 反弧段的鼻坎，将下泄高速水流挑射抛向空中，抛射水流在参杂大量空气时消耗 部分能量，而后抛到距坝较远的下游河床水垫中产生强烈的旋滚，并冲刷河床形 成冲坑，随着冲坑逐渐加深，大量能量消耗在水流旋滚的摩擦中，冲坑也逐渐趋于稳定。

本次认识实习，使我对于水工建筑物的构造及作用、水力枢纽工程的基本 原理和运行方式等有了较为全面的认识， 为我们今后进行相关专业课程的继续学习打下了良好的基础，同时对水力学、水文学、水工建筑物、水利施工和前期准 备工作做了巩固，促进理论与实践的结合，增强工程概念，丰富生产知识，对将 来从事的工作有比较全面深入的了解和亲身感受，提高分析和解决实际问题的能 力，在为今后的工作打下基础。通过实习，我了解了水利工程需要投资巨大的财 力和物力,整个水利工程不仅是一个地方的水库而是国家的工程。因此做每项工 程都必须收集尽可能多的水文、地质、气象等资料,经过严密的科学论证,推断施 工当中可能遇到的一切可能的难题最后再结合当时的国力人力,及技术水平,综合 一切,最后得出这个工程是该建还是不该建。这样才能做出造福人类的好工程； 也初步了解了水利工程规划、设计、施工和运行管理的基本步骤，加深对工程施 工技术、施工组织和施工管理知识的理解。 通过短暂的实习，让我受益非浅，自己亲身实践的东西是自己永生难忘的。 对我个人的人生来说 ，我身切体会到了做好自己工作的重要性，在做事之前， 要周全考虑到各个方面，更要有逻辑思维和一丝不苟的态度来对待事情，对工作 认真负责、一丝不苟，所以从未发生过重、特大安全事故，希望他们继续保持发 扬这种精神。这是我应该学习的精神。 最后，我要感谢带领我们实习的老师，他们不辞辛劳，带着我们在实习地。 在我们有疑难的时候，为我们解惑。让我们了解到水利枢纽的结构、用途等一些 我们平时学不到，看不到的东西，为我们以后在工作中快速的容入到工作环境中 打下了坚实的基础。不落下一个学生，让我们在实习期间良好安定的环境，保证了实习的顺利完成。

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇五

根据毕业实习安排在四年级第二学期，一方面是对前三年专业基础知识的复习和巩固，另一方面是为随后的毕业设计做铺垫，让我们对水利枢纽工程的设计和具体建设有一个较全面的认识，因此这次实习相对于前面的认识实习、单项实习更有意义。学院统筹安排下，我们02级水工、农水、水动三个专业于20xx年2月25日踏上了此次毕业设计之路。目的地是世界级工程——三峡水利枢纽工程。

在实习教师小组的几位老师安排下我们的实习流程基本定型在上午听专题报告，下午做专项参观实习。报告内容可以概括为：三峡枢纽概况认识、坝工设计、葛洲坝水利枢纽(此三项讲座内容由三峡总公司高工李君林老先生主讲)；三峡水电站设计、三峡工程建设监理概述、三峡水利枢纽截流工程、工程建设监理发展概况（此三项由三峡发展公司李先镇副总监主讲）；长江航运及三峡通航建筑物（三峡总公司建设部邓朝高工主讲）；施工机械（原三峡设备处处长主讲）。参观内容有：三峡展览馆、坝顶及120栈桥、右岸厂房及三期围堰、下岸溪料场、三期工程砼拌和楼、葛洲坝电厂。

通过这次实习，我对水工专业在工程实践中的工作对象、面临问题及解决办法有了一个较为全面的理解。巩固专业知识的同时也增加了行业责任感，实习的日子里也加深了同学友谊，锻炼了团队精神。现将实习的有关专业认识和个人感想分两部分总结报告如下：

总结实习期间专家报告的内容，将这些报告整理成如下几方面陈述：

三峡水利枢纽坝址位于西陵峡的三斗坪，距葛洲坝工程38km，是一座具有防洪、发电、航运、环保以及养殖、供水等巨大综合利用效益的特大型水利水电工程。整个工程包括一座混凝土重力坝，泄水闸，两岸坝后式水电站，右岸地下厂房，一座永久性通航船闸和一架垂直升船机。三峡工程建筑由大坝、水电站厂房和通航建筑物三大部分组成。大坝坝顶总长2309m，坝顶高程185m，水电站左岸设14台，右岸12台，总装机26台（*32台）单机容量70万千瓦（注：另还有地下厂房6台机组和2台5万千瓦厂用发电机），总装机容量为1820万千瓦（*22400万千瓦），年发电量847亿千瓦时。通航建筑物位于左岸，永久通航建筑物为双线五级船闸及单线一级垂直升船机。

三峡工程分三期，总工期17年。一期5年（1992——1997年），主要工程除准备工程外，主要进行一期围堰填筑，导流明渠开挖。修筑混凝土纵向围堰，以及修建左岸临时船闸（120米高），并开始修建左岸永久船闸、升船机及左岸部分砼坝段的施工。

一期工程在1997年11月大江截流后完成，长江水位从原68m提高到88m。己建成的导流明渠，可承受最大水流量为20000m3／s，长江航运不会因此受到很大影响。可以保证第一期工程施工期间不断航。

二期工程6年（1988-20xx年），工程主要任务是修筑二期围堰，左岸大坝的电站设施建设及机组安装，同时继续进行并完成永久船闸、升船机的施工，20xx年6月1～15日大坝蓄水至135m高，围水至长江万县市境内。张飞庙被淹没，长江三峡的激流险滩再也见不到，水面平缓，三峡内江段将无上、下水之分。永久通航建成启用，7月10日左岸首台机组发电。

三期工程6年（20xx一20xx年）．本期进行的右岸大坝和电站的施工，并继续完成全部机组安装。届时，三峡水库将是一座长远600km，最宽处达20xxm，面积达10000km2，水面平静的峡谷型水库。水库平均水深将比现在增加10～100m。最终正常冬季蓄水水位为175米，夏季考虑防洪，可以控制在145m左右，每年将有近30m的升降变化，水库蓄水后，坝前水位提高近100m，其中有些风景和名胜古迹会受一些影响。

三峡水利枢纽效益显著，拥有防洪、发电、航运、南水北调、渔业及旅游等综合效益。同时也存在许多问题，如投资、技术、移民、生态、水质、人文景观等。但是在工程进展至今的现实表明，这些问题都能得到妥善解决的。

1、挡水大坝及泄水建筑物

（1）任务：挡水、泄洪、排沙。

（2）坝型及主要尺寸：拦河大坝为混凝土重力坝，坝长2309m，坝顶高程185m，最大坝高185－4＝181m，最大底宽126m（厂房坝段181m），顶宽15～40m，大坝砼工程量1600万立方米。

（3）设计标准：千年一遇洪水设计；万年一遇洪水+10％校核校核洪水时坝址最大下泄流量102500m3/s。

（4）泄洪建筑：泄洪坝段位于河床中部，总长483m，设有22个表孔和23个泄洪深孔，其中深孔进口高程90m，孔口尺寸为7×9m；表孔孔口宽8m，溢流堰顶高程158m，表孔和深孔均采用鼻坎挑流方式进行消能。

2、水电站

电站坝段位于泄洪坝段两侧，设有电站进水口。进水口底板高程为108m。压力输水管道为背管式，内直径12.40m，采用钢筋混凝土受力结构。水电站采用坝后式布置方案，共设有左、右两组厂房和地下厂房。共安装32台水轮发电机组，其中左岸厂房14台，右岸厂房12台，地下厂房6台。水轮机为混流式，转轮直径10m，最大水头113m，额定流量966m3/s，机组单机额定容量70万千瓦。

3、通航建筑物

通航建筑物包括永久船闸和升船机（德国合作方正在技术公关中，计划用螺旋杆技术取代原计划的钢缆绳提升技术），均位于左岸。

永久船闸为双线五级连续梯级船闸。单级闸室有效尺寸为280×34×5m（长×宽×坎上最小水深），可通过万吨级船队。升船机为单线一级垂直提升式设计，承船厢设计有效尺寸为120×18×3.5m，一次可通过一条3000吨的客货轮。承船厢设计运行时总重量为11800吨，总提升力为6000万牛顿。

三峡工程是中国、也是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程，是治理和开发长江的关键性骨干工程。三峡工程水库正常蓄水位175m，总库容393亿m3；水库全长600余km，平均宽度1.1km；水库面积1084km2。它具有防洪、发电、航运、旅游等巨大的综合效益。

1、防洪

经三峡水库调蓄，在上游形成库容为393亿m3的河道型水库，可调节防洪库容达221.5亿m3，能有效地拦截宜昌以上来的洪水，大大削减洪峰流量，使荆江河段防洪标准由现在的约十年一遇提高到百年一遇。遇千年一遇的特大洪水，可配合荆江分洪等分蓄洪工程的运用，防止荆江河段两岸发生干堤溃决的毁灭性灾害，减轻中下游洪灾损失和对武汉市的洪水威胁，并可为洞庭湖区的治理创造条件。

2、发电

三峡工程最直接的经济效益是发电。三峡水电站总装机容量1820万千瓦（*22400万千瓦），年平均发电量846.8亿千瓦时。主管三峡发电的长江电力现已将三峡电能搭接上4条大电网，它将为经济发达、能源短缺的华东、华中和华南等地区提供可靠、廉价、清洁的可再生能源，对经济发展和减少环境污染起到重大的作用。

三峡工程所提供的电力资源，如果以火电来算，就意味着要多修建10座180万千瓦级的火电站。

3、航运

三峡水库将显著改善宜昌至重庆660公里的长江航道，万吨级船队可直达重庆港（重庆成为深水港）。航道单向年通过能力可由现在的约1000万吨提高到5000万吨，运输成本可降低35-37%。经水库调节，宜昌下游枯水季最小流量，可从现在的3000立方米/秒提高到5000立方米/秒以上，使长江中下游枯水季航运条件也得到较大的改善。

4、旅游

三峡水库蓄水使老三峡景观重新组合，并迁移保护了大量文物，在库区一支流又开发出原始生态的小三峡旅游区。工程建设本身也是一个难得的景观。

1、投资和效益问题

三峡工程静态投资900.9亿元（1993年物价），工程完成时动态投资约20xx余亿元。三峡工程投资来源有：国家贷款，国有电站电价每千瓦时加价0.4～0.7分钱，葛洲坝水电站，三峡水电站发电收入等。预计在三峡工程建成后十年内，总的工程投资本息，包括工程费和移民费，都能用电费收入偿还，防洪、航运等没有分摊投资。而三峡工程防洪、发电、航运等效益是长期的，还有巨大的社会效益。同时应用长江电力上市融资，陆续滚动开发金沙江上游溪洛渡、向家坝、白鹤滩、乌东德四大巨型电站。

2、泥沙问题

长江宜昌段年输沙量5.3亿吨，将淤塞三峡水库。水库正常挡水位175m高程，总库容393亿m3，死水位145m高程，死库容172亿m3，防洪库容221亿m3，蓄水调节库容165亿m3。水库运行方案为：汛期限制水位145m高程，3年一遇洪水56700m3/s以下不调洪，经泄深孔和水电站畅泄，可减少水库沙淤积。来大洪水，水库调洪，仍下泄56700m3/s；汛后冲水库淤积。九月水库开始蓄水，约两个月到正常蓄水位175m高程。次年汛前库水位降至155m高程，利用蓄水发电。在155m水位，可保持川江航运。到汛期，水位又降至145m水位，由于当时流量大，仍可保持川江航运。这是创新的水库运行方案。经专家实验及经验结论，三峡淤沙平衡在30年以后。

3、高边坡问题

经详细地质调查，三峡水库库岸有若干潜在滑坡，大的可达数百万m3。但是离坝址最近的潜在滑坡，也远于26km，如发生滑坡，激起的冲击波到坝前消减到2～3m高，不影响大坝安全。此外，库岸如发生滑波，由于水库宽深，不会影响航运。此次实习我们亲眼见证了，库区及坝址区两岸边坡都采用了大量锚索和锚杆，边坡问题处理良好。

4、枢纽工程系列技术问题

三峡枢纽185m高混凝土重力坝和1820万kw·h发电厂房，工程量大，但都是常规工程，我国有较多经验。局部地基稳定问题经过处理，能满足安全要求。70万kw水轮发电机组，首批从国外进口，后由国内自制。较复杂的是双线五级船闸，在岩岸内深挖，最高边坡达170m，下部闸室垂直60m。但是在三峡建设者们的努力下永久船闸已经顺利投入使用，至今未见异常。还有3000t客轮的升船机目前正由德国研究。

5、库区移民问题

三峡水库将淹没陆地面积632平方公里，涉及重庆市、湖北省的20个县（市）。三峡水库淹没涉及城市2座、县城11座、集镇116个；受淹没或淹没影响的工矿企业1599家，水库淹没线以下共有耕地2.45万公顷；淹没公路824.25公里，水电站9.22万千瓦；淹没区房屋面积为3459.6万平方米，淹没区居住的总人口为84.41万人（其中农业人口36.15万人）。考虑到建设期间内的人口增长和二次搬迁等其它因素，三峡水库移民安置的动态总人口将达到113万人。国家在三峡工程建设中，实行开发性移民方针，由有关人民政府组织领导移民安置工作，统筹使用移民经费，合理开发资源，以农业为基础、农工商结合，通过多渠道、多产业、多形式、多方法妥善安置移民，移民的生活水平达到或者超过原有水平，并为三峡库区长远的经济发展和移民生活水平的提高创造条件。

6、生态环境问题

修建三峡工程对生态环境有利方面为：防治下游土地和城镇淹没，减少火电空气污染，改善局部气候，水库可发展渔业等。对生态不利方面为：淹没耕地30余万亩，果地20余万亩，移民到库边高地，将破坏生态环境，水库静水减弱污水自净能力，恶化水质，影响野生动物（如中华鲟）的繁殖等。工程进展至今表明：保护生态环境虽有难度，但必须解决也可以解决。

建设监理是以某些条文法规或行业准则为依据，对一项工程建设行为进行监视、督察与评价建议的活动。三峡工程是个世界级超级工程，其中有不少国际合作项目，所以建设监理遵循如下原则：

（1）科学性、公证性、权威性；

（2）参照国际管理；

（3）结合我国具体国情；

（4）发展工程建设领域市场经济，打破垄断。

三峡工程的建设采用四种制度并行，即业主负责制、招标承包制、建设监理制、合同管理制，四种制度相辅相成共同打造精品工程。

三峡工程的建设监理从进度控制、质量控制、造价控制三方面开展。进度控制方面，将总进度计划分解为阶段性计划即年、季、月、周、日进行控制，或分解为单项工程进度控制；从工程量计划和工程形象计划出发进行控制；对于关键线路和非关键线路采用不同控制强度。质量控制方面，以现场控制与主动控制为主，以单元工程为基础，单元工序为环节，关键点旁站，全过程跟踪的控制方式。造价控制方面，根据有关合同法条款，在维护业主与承包商合法利益的基础上进行合同内和合同外的复合管理。

因为三峡工程巨大，经济意义和政治意义都比较大，在很多方面采用了很多特殊照顾，在施工机械方面也不例外。为了保证工程建设顺利进行，三峡总公司耗费22亿人民币提前购置了170多台套施工设备。其中包括开挖机械（如：h1355液压挖掘机、992d液压装载机、d10n推土机、16g平地机、lm-500c液压钻机等）；起重机械（如：cc1800洐架履带式起重机、kmk6200汽车起重机、浮吊船、桥式起重机等）；运输设备（如：3307自卸汽车、777c自卸汽车、侧卸式砼运输车、平板拖车等）；砂石系统机械（如：db20xx/35侧式悬臂推料机、md2200顶带机、塔带机、胎带机等）。这些施工机械为三峡的建设做出了巨大的贡献。

长江流出三峡，江面突然由二三百米展宽到两千多米，出南津关（湖北宜昌附近）三千米的地方，被葛洲坝和西坝两个小岛将江面一分为三，分别叫做大江、二江、三江。被称作“万里长江第一坝”的葛洲坝水利枢纽工程就建在这里，大坝全长2561米，高70米。葛洲坝工程具有发电、改善航道等综合效益。电站装机容量271.5万kw，单独运行时保证出力76.8万kw，年发电量157亿kw·h（三峡工程建成以后保证出力可提高到158万～194万kw，年发电量可提高到161亿kw·h）。电站以500kv和220kv输电线路并入华中电网，并通过500kv直流输电线路向距离1000km的上海输电120万kw。库区回水110～180km，使川江航运条件得到改善。水库总库容15.8亿m3，由于受航运限制；近期无调洪削峰作用。三峡工程建成后，可对三峡工程因调洪下泄不均匀流量起反调节作用，有反调节库容8500万m3。

工程主要建筑物有船闸、河床式厂房、泄水闸、冲沙闸、左岸土石坝和右岸混凝土重力坝。大坝全长2606.5m，两侧布置三江、大江两线航道，航道与泄水闸之间分别布置二江及大江电厂。二江电站厂房装有7台低水头旋浆式水轮发电机组，共96.5万kw。大江厂房装机14台，单机容量12.5万kw，共175万kw。为了保证长江航运，在大江和三江上共建了三座船闸，大江一号船闸和三江二号船闸，闸室尺寸280*34*5米，可通过万吨级轮船和大型船队，三江三号船闸，闸室尺寸120*18*3.5米，主要用于通过3000吨以下的客货轮。

实习中安排的参观都是与上午报告相对应的，这样更有针对性，也让我们的认知更深入。

听完关于三峡枢纽概况的报告，培训中心安排我们参观三峡展览馆，对整个工程先有个宏观认识。展览馆内陈列了三峡工程历史沿革、三峡枢纽模型、砼浇注塔带机模型、机组模型、永久船闸模型、三峡景观模型等。我当晚做打油诗两首记录参观感想：

（一）静如龙钟动如潮，风雨十七年，昨日烟云今亦摇。沧桑过百载。大江东去一如旧，盛世树高峡，壁立千仞不寻常。利济千秋代。

（二）猿啼轻舟已无存，馆内存动静，铁轮呼啸人喑喑。平图记功勋。没礁成湖万古唱，华夏铸奇迹，神女离峰欲如嫦。神州三峡行。

这次参观安排在坝工设计专题报告之后。上坝时坝体昨岸施工基本完成，等待右岸施工到达预期要求再全线浇灌封顶。此次参观主要对挡水建筑、泄水建筑和分期建设进行深入了解。大坝蓄水水位139m，在三期围堰保护下右岸厂房正在紧张施工，坝顶可以眺望茅坪溪堤坝和秭归新城。120栈桥上可以观察泄水表孔和深孔以及坝体横缝，同时可以看到升船机施工。因为在大坝上亲眼目睹这一巨型工程的雄姿，感慨颇深，留诗句如下：

（一）（二）宝岛树峡江作湖，男儿立志建三峡，九歌尤唱秭归殊。痴心不改复春夏。茅坪高墙利千户，削岛凿峰成功业，驱闸江航变通途。蛟龙惧叹变小虾。

三峡右岸坝后式电站，设计安装12台单机70万千瓦机组，另还设计建设地下厂房装机6台机组。现场压力钢管外包砼已经拆模，涡壳层安装也在紧锣密鼓进行。目前由中水集团下属三、七、八局的联营体，四局、十四局联营的青云公司承包施工，由华东院、西北院、三峡发展公司等负责监理工作。小诗两首表达参观感受：

（一）(二)拌和浇注施工紧，青云结合实力强，立模布筋技艺精。三七八联不相让。巨型引管楼中架，业主咨询齐控制，定转吊装民工勤。殊途同归共荣光。

下岸溪斑状花岗岩料场，位于长江左岸下岸溪鸡公岭，距坝址约12km，地面高程200～576m。料场出露的基岩主要是前震旦系斑状花岗岩，花岗岩岩体表面普遍有一层风化壳，其分布规律是山背风化层最厚(39.5m)，料场平均风化厚29.43m，岩石的主要质量技术指标符合(sdj17-78)规程要求，贮量为4734.9万m3。三峡工程二、三期工程需由下岸溪料场加工人工砂1171万m3，三期工程需人工碎石590万m3。

下岸溪人工砂石加工系统设备配置表：

车间设备台数单台生产能力(t/h)

粗碎px900/502600

50/65mk-ⅱ21200-1700

二破hp500st-c3580

预筛分2yah214861200

三破hp500st-f、pyt-z222732580200-580

筛分2ykr246010250-800

超细碎b90005100-150

棒磨机mbz2136640-50

1号拌和楼是国产的特大型拌和楼，承担着三峡三期混凝土主供任务。右岸高程１５０拌和及输送系统由两座拌和楼、两座制冷楼和三条塔带机供料线组成，是三峡右岸工程最大的混凝土主供设备。它的前身是原７９拌和系统，其常态混凝土生产能力为每小时６４０立方米，碾压混凝土生产能力为每小时６００立方米。系统建设开始于２００１年４月份。至20xx年投入运行以来，为rcc围堰提前完工和创多项世界纪录创造了条件，为实现三峡工程按期实现蓄水、通航、发电目标作出了突出贡献。

在三期主体混凝土施工中，1号拌和楼满足了工程进度要求，并创出单楼混凝土拌制月产110166.5立方米，日前4673立方米、班产1737立方米的世界记录。同时，施工质量、安全生产实现“双零”目标。该拌和楼还连续3年被三峡总公司授予“红旗设备”。

在这里的感想记录为两首小诗：（一）（二）十二成坎二十梯，下岸有溪注长江，钻爆挖运破筛洗。供应石料千万方。斑状花岗岩质好，一号拌楼任务大，精拌细和砼墙立。设备精良创辉煌。

（注：下岸溪料场每阶12m，共20阶）

因为工程已经建成多年，又是封闭式管理，我们只能作一般感性认识，我们小组参观的内容主要是二江电厂机组配套变压器、厂房内部设备、中控室以及右岸220kv高压变电场。此次参观对水动专业的同学作用较大。作为水工专业的学生对于这些电气知识也要有所了解，但更多是去探究枢纽的工程建设情况和建筑物情况。前述报告总结中已经对葛洲坝枢纽做了详细介绍，这里不再赘述。将那天留下的小诗附上：

（一）（二）万里长江第一坝，十万大军筑高墙，横卧三江不自夸。三江有序不碍航。电力供应通南北，国产进口相照应，

三峡模板责任大。功在水利惠及商。

（注：葛洲坝工程是三峡工程的实验工程，机组有进口的也有国产17万千瓦的，葛洲坝为我国经济建设和制造业发展作出了巨大贡献，同时也有效改善了长江航运）

毕业实习结束了，接下来是紧张的毕业设计。相信此次现场实习的经历将在毕业设计和我们以后的工作学习中产生巨大的作用。我为自己是一个水利工作者自豪，为三峡自豪，为中国自豪！

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇六

国家在不断的发展中，我们要建设的基础设施也在不断的完善中，现实中有很多的事情需要我们来解决。比如像我学习的水工建设，我就需要不断的努力，才能够做的更好，这些都是我一直以来不断的努力的成果，相信我们一定能够做好。但是在学校的过程当中有很多的现实的困难，因此我一直在努力中，我相信我会做的更好！我想要参加实习来更好的提高自己！

1、 通过对水库、水电站、试验基地以及水文站等的参观和现场报告，增强对水利水电工程专业的感性认识，促进理论与实践的结合，增加工程概念，丰富生产知识，对将要从事的工作有初步的了解和亲身感受，提高分析和解决实际问题的能力，为今后的工作打下基础。

2、 熟水利枢纽的组成与总体布置，各种水工建筑物的作用、布置方式及运行管理。

3、 了解水利工程规划、设计、施工和运行管理的基本步骤，加深对工程施工技术、施工组织和施工管理知识的理解。

4、 培养学生吃苦耐劳、艰苦努力、遵守纪律、等优良品质和增强集体观念，总结此次实习与我们所学专业的相关联系。

飞来峡水利枢纽工程 广东省水利试验基地（飞来峡） 珠江水利科学研究院里水试验基地 西南水闸 北江大堤 佛山市三水水文站

1、 北江大堤

北江大堤是珠江三角洲最重要一道堤防，捍卫着广州、佛山等城市和三角洲腹地人民生命财产和一切经济活动。大堤的安危，为历代政府所重视，并被列入当地水利事业不可或缺一部分。现在，北江大堤虽可曰“固若金汤”，达到抵御百年一遇防洪能力，但这经历了三角洲人民世代经营，尤其是建国后党和政府带领当地人民前仆后继、防洪抢险、艰苦奋斗、不断建设的一项成果。随着时代和环境变迁，不利于北江大堤维护和发挥效益的因素也在增长，特别是随着珠江三角洲经济崛起，广州、佛山等城市连绵区出现，以及大量人口、财富在三角洲集聚，向北江大堤提出了更高的防洪要求。为此，北江大堤的维护和建设需要更加科学、合理和卓有远见的决策和管理。

现代北江大堤在广东北江下游左岸，从清远石角镇骑背岭，沿北江支流大燕水入干流南下，入三水大塘、芦苞、黄塘、河口、西南镇，止于南海小塘镇狮山，全长63?34公里，是珠江三角洲众多堤围中最长的一条。它所捍卫范围属北江、西江三角洲地区，地质时期是珠江溺谷湾一部分，海湾中耸立着一系列小岛，晚第四纪（1～2万年）以来，多次海浸海退，形成西北江复合三角洲，但直到近千年时间里，才堆积形成现代三角洲平原。

综观北江大堤地区水利事业是在三角洲网河水文、地形等基础上发展起来的。它始于宋代筑堤围垦，经元明以来扩大和发展，到清代达到高潮。然而只到民国时期，水利才作为一项综合性基础设施出现在社会经济生活中。这个过程和发展规律，又与三角洲开发历史阶段性特点紧紧联在一起的。宋代北江堤围主要在发展粮食生产方面起了保障作用，明中叶以后，则在三角洲经济作物种植，基塘农业兴起，促进广州、佛山等工商业城市繁荣，以及三角洲东部区域发展等方面发挥不可替代作用。北江大堤所具有的直接或间接的航运、防洪、灌溉等功能，虽每因时代而变迁，但它们是作为一个整体互相影响，综合发挥作用的，且与所在地区社会经济状况、生态环境变化形成相互依存、相互促进的联系。可以说，没有水利事业的发展和兴盛，三角洲的开发和经济繁荣是不可能的，北江大堤在其中起了一个举足轻重作用。即使在今天，水利事业仍是三角洲各项产业发展和维护生态平衡的重要因素，它的历史作用并没有因其发展过程完结而泯灭。总结北江大堤修筑、维护、管理等历史经验，寻找其成败得失，对三角洲水利事业、城镇和流域规划、产业布局都有重大意义。

2、 飞来峡水利枢纽

飞来峡水利枢纽位于广东省北部，清远市飞来峡境内，距省会广州仅65公里。飞来峡水利枢纽是以防洪为主，兼有航运、发电、供水和改善生态环境等综合效益的水利枢纽水库，总库容19亿立方米，最大坝高52。3米，主副坝长2952米，装机容量14万千瓦，船闸可通过500吨级组合船队。

坝址控制流域面积3。4l万km2，占北江流域面积的73%，水库总库容l9。04亿m3，防洪库容l3。36亿m3，多年平均年发电量5。54亿kw。h。飞来峡水利枢纽工程的开发目标以防洪为主，兼顾航运、发电、养殖、供水、旅游和改善生态环境。

工程为一等工程，挡水建筑物为l级。枢纽建成筑物由主坝、船闸、厂房和副坝等组成，根据地形、地质、施工等条件，从左岸问右岸依次布置为船闸、厂房、溢流坝和土坝。

主坝由两部分组成∶溢流坝为混凝土重力坝，共设l6个流流孔，采用弧形钢闸门，其中15孔为带胸墙的泄洪孔，另一孔为排漂表孔：土坝为均质土坝，坝顶-长度1826m，最大坝高28。8m。副坝共3座。总长539。3m，最大坝高27m。船闸为单线一级船闸，最大过闸船队2x500t，上引航道长约l300m，下引航道约l500m。厂房类型为河床式，安装4台单机容量为3。5万kw的灯泡贯流式机组，该机组的转轮直径和单机容量为全国之首。

水工工种实训报告 水工专业认识总结篇七

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