初三主动语态变被动语态(3篇)
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初三主动语态变被动语态篇一
在主动语态中,主语后面接人(be +动词原型)
被动语态(be+动词过去分词)
在主动语态中,主语是谓语动词的使动方。在被动语态中,主语是谓语动词的受动方。
在语法结构上,主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于,主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语,然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语,各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。
举例:
1.主动语态:the snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。
被动语态:he was killed by the snowslide.他死于雪崩。
2.主动语态:we use electricity to runmachines. 我们用电力来开动机器。
被动语态:electricity is used to run machines.电力被我们用来开动机器。
3.主动语态:bell invented the telephone in1876.贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
被动语态:the telephone was invented bybell in1876.电话是贝尔于1876年发明的。
主动形式表示被动意义
大家都知道,用被动语态(形式)来表达被动意义,但有些句子用的却是主动形式,表达的却是被动意义。下面我们就来总结一下常见的用主动形式表示被动意义的几种形式。
1.连系动词(如:feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
this material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。
this apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。
2. 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用,用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义,其主语一般为事物。这些动词有:sell,read, write,wash,wear,last等。如:
the pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。
this kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。
3. 动词need, want, require表示"需要时",后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如:
your room needs cleaning/to becleaned. 你的房间需要打扫一下。
my house requires repairing/tobe cleaned. 我的房子需要修理一下。
4. 在"be worth doing"短语中,动作与主语之间存在动宾关系,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
this book is well worth reading这本书很值得一读。
初三主动语态变被动语态篇二
1.主动语态改被动语态的方法
①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语
②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构
③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
eg. he broke the glass.→ the glass was broken by him.
含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。
eg. he gave the boy an apple.→ the boy was given an apple.(或an apple was given to the boy.)
不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。
eg. they watched the children sing that morning.→ the children were watched to sing that morning.
短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。
eg. we must take good care of the young trees.→the young trees must be taken good care of.
含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。
eg. all of the students know that the headmaster will come back tomorrow.→it is known that the headmaster will come back tomorrow.
2.被动语态改为主动语态的方法
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语,按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。
其他需要注意的地方可以参照主动变变动规则,反过来运用就行。
statue was made by him.→ he made the statue.
初三主动语态变被动语态篇三
语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:we speak chinese in china.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:chinese is spoken by us in china.在中国汉语被我们说。
一、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);
例:1. bruce writes a letter every week. →a letter is written by bruce every week.
二、被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 a new shop was built last year.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 this book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 young trees must be watered often.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 uncle wang is mending my bike now.→ my bike is being repaired by tom now.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 there are two books to be read. → there are twenty more trees to be planted.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 what will happen in 100 years. the dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。this pen writes well. this new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something the boss made the little boy do heavy work.→the little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 he gave me a book.→a book was given to me by him. he showed me a ticket.→a ticket was shown to me by him.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 we can’t laugh at him. →he can’t be laughed at by us.
常见考法
对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。
典型例题:–could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -sorry, i have no idea.
a invents b invented c is invented d was invented
解析:题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”,发明收音机是过去的事,所以用过去时,排除 a和c;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除b
答案:d
误区提醒
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”,这一点我们必须注意。
典型例题:the young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
a to draw b to drawing c draw d drew
解析:这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to。
答案:a