最新望洞庭教案大班 望洞庭教案逐稿
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作为一名专为他人授业解惑的人民教师,就有可能用到教案,编写教案助于积累教学经验,不断提高教学质量。那么教案应该怎么制定才合适呢?以下我给大家整理了一些优质的教案范文,希望对大家能够有所帮助。
1、 背《望洞庭》,积累古诗,感受祖国山川之美。
2、 阅读短文《为银杉保险》,了解有关保险的知识。
3、 看图作文。
4、 欢庆国庆节,自办小报。
:
阅读短文《为银杉保险》,了解有关保险的知识。
指导学生写好作文。
三课时
搜集、交流有关保险的知识。
教学目标 :背诵古诗《望洞庭》。
通过阅读短文,了解有关保险的知识。
教学重点:通过阅读短文,了解有关保险的知识。
教学难点 :通过阅读短文,了解有关保险的知识。
教学过程 :
一、 读一读、背一背
望洞庭
(唐)刘禹锡
湖光秋月两相和,
潭面无风镜未磨。
遥望洞庭山水翠,
白银盘里一青螺。
二、 在理解的基础上背诵。
反复吟诵,读出诗的韵味。在熟读的基础上背诵下来。
三、朗读《为银杉保险》,理解内容。
请同学们用自己喜欢的学习方式自学:
(个人读、双人读、小组读、互相讨论等学习方式;教师巡视课堂,或询问、或指导、或鼓励。)
1、 学生围绕问题自学短文,试着解决问题。
2、 讨论交流:
(1) 这篇短文讲了一件什么事?
(2) 你还知道那些有关保险的事情?
(3) 交流你搜集的资料、知识。
:看图作文。
有顺序地观察图画。
:指导学生写好作文
一、出示作文要求
看图作文,作文要符合图意。
二、读题目要求,使学生初步了解作文内容。
三、再读题目要求,思考本次作文对我们提出了什么要求?
学生可以写从书中的图画上看到的和想到的,也可以写从自己最喜欢的图画上看到的和想到的。
四、仔细观察图画,看懂图意。
有序观察,看懂图意;
合理想象,丰富画面;
编写故事,符合图意。
四、学生作文,教师巡视
五、个别面批,指导差生
六、交流作文,修改作文
实践活动,提高学生搜集资料、阅读、习作、设计、书写等能力。
提高学生搜集资料、阅读、习作、设计、书写等能力。
:学生筛选搜集到的资料,办有特色的小报。
一、激发学生参加活动的积极性。
办小报,迎国庆。引导学生关注祖国的发展变化,激发学生热爱祖国的情感。
二、指名读《实践活动》中的办小报,迎国庆。
三、全班讨论,明确办特色小报活动的程序和方法。
1、 起报名。要有自己的创造性。
2、 版面安排。美观大方,图文并茂,错落有致。
3、 书写工整,尽量不写错别字。
四、展示小报,互相学习。
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1、正确、流利、有感情地朗读古诗,会背诵古诗。
2、读懂古诗,想象古诗所描绘的景色,体会作者对洞庭湖的赞美之情。
想象古诗所描绘的景色。
理解古诗的意思。
1、学生课前通过上网、翻阅书籍,了解洞庭湖的相关知识。
2、课件。
1、同学们,你们去过洞庭湖吗?你们了解洞庭湖吗?谁能介绍介绍。
2、今天,我们和唐代著名诗人刘禹锡一同去洞庭湖看看。
1、生自由练读古诗。
2、录音范读古诗。
3、指名读古诗,要求学生读出节奏:223。
1、生借助相关资料,通过小组合作说说古诗的意思。
2、分组汇报古诗的意思。
1、指名读古诗,说说古诗描绘了哪些景物?
2、学生汇报,课件逐一展示。
3、设问:
⑴ 为什么会把没有风的湖面比作没有磨过的铜镜?
⑵ 为什么把洞庭湖的山水比作白银盘里的一青螺?
4、生借助课件展示的情境作答。
5、从古诗中,你体会到作者当时的心情。
1、这首诗,你认为应用什么样的语气来读。
2、试读古诗。
3、指读点评。
4、背诵古诗。
1、链接刘禹锡的其他古诗。
2、让学生自由读读背背。
本节课,我将信息技术运用到古诗教学中,课堂中起到了较好的教学效果。我认为成功之处地于:
1、课前上网搜集资料既拓宽了学生的知识面,超出了文中所能提供的知识内容,又能培养学生的自学能力。
2、录音范读为学生提供规范的朗读,便于学生模仿。
3、课件的使用,使学生对古诗中描绘的景物有了直观而形象的了解,更能体会古诗所描绘的意境,体会课文中两个比喻所用的精妙之处。
4、课件链接了刘禹锡其他的诗,让学生对刘禹锡有了更全面地了解,丰富了学生的积累。
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1.正确流利有感情朗读古诗,背诵古诗;
2.学习借助注释初步理解古诗大意。
学习借助注释初步理解古诗大意。
一课时
课件、古诗朗诵音频
1.诗句接龙
2.揭题释题
板书:望洞庭,师指导书写“庭”,齐读诗题,介绍洞庭湖。
1.一读,读准
⑴自由读诗,注意读准字音,读通诗句。
⑵检查字音,指名读,指名评价,再读,师评价,齐读。
2.二读,读好----读出节奏
⑴自由练读,边读边试着在书上画斜线。出示节奏,指生读出诗的节奏。
⑵听范读。自由地练习。指生读,评价。齐读。
3.三读,读懂----理解诗意
⑴交流理解诗句意思的方法:结合注释;联系插图;串联词意;发挥想象;反复读诗。
⑵自读自悟,四个交流,讨论自己不理解的地方。
⑶交流反馈,按诗句的顺序,可以先读出诗句,然后说说这句诗是什么意思?你是用了什么方法?
⑷齐读古诗。
4.四读,读美----读出意境
⑴洞庭湖景色美丽,但是诗人却只用了精炼的语句,这首诗写了哪些景物,他又由此想到了什么呢?请同学们轻声读全诗,边读边圈画出诗中描写的景物。
①湖光秋月两相和
湖光、秋月,怎样的湖光?怎样的秋月?用四字词语概括一下你眼中的美景。一个“和”字表现出水天一色玉宇无尘的和谐之美。(板书:和)
读出这宁静和谐之美。(齐读)
②潭面无风镜未磨
在这湖光秋月宁静和谐的氛围中,诗人静静地凝望着洞庭湖波光粼粼的湖面,他想到了什么呢?他是怎样写的?这里诗人把什么比作什么?诗人为什么把湖面比作没有打磨过的铜镜呢?
诗人刘禹锡对景物的观察是多么的细致啊,我们也要像他一样,在生活中做一个善于观察的人。(板书:观察)(指生读,师评价)
读出洞庭湖的朦胧美。(齐读)
只有潭面无风,波澜不惊,湖光和秋月才能相互映衬,显出一种和谐之美。
秋天的夜晚,湖面上波光粼粼,洒满了银色的月光,湖水与月光相互映衬,显得非常和谐。湖上一点风都没有,湖面就像一面未经打磨的铜镜。请把这美丽的景色一起读出来吧。(两句诗连起来,全班齐读)
③遥望洞庭山水翠
在这朦胧的月色中,诗人眺望远处,还看见了什么景色呢?在这句诗中诗人着重写了什么景物?(板书:山水)这里的山水有什么特点?(翠)
读出和谐之美。(指名读、小组赛读)
④白银盘里一青螺
作者看到这样的山水又联想到了什么呢?这句诗妙在哪?诗人为什么要这样比喻呢?
诗人想象丰富,比喻恰当,我们在写作时也要像诗人一样放飞想象的翅膀。(板书:想象)
读出喜爱、赞美之情。(齐读)
远远望去,洞庭湖和君山的颜色十分青翠,山水相依相伴,恰似一颗青螺缀放在白银盘中,让人爱不释手。一起来读读吧!(两句诗齐读)
⑵小结全诗
诗人通过丰富的想象,巧妙的比喻,独出心裁地把洞庭湖美景再现于纸上,表现出惊人的艺术功底。让我们再一起读读这首山水小诗,感受诗人富有浪漫色彩的奇思壮采吧!(齐读)
5.五读,读熟----背诵古诗
1.欣赏有名的诗人为我国的名胜写下的经典名篇。
2.布置作业:
(1)小小朗诵家:请大家将《望洞庭》背给父母、同学听听;
(2)小小作家:想象《望洞庭》所描绘的景色,用几句话写出来;(选做)
(3)小小画家:在你的画纸上画一画《望洞庭》所描绘的美景吧。(选做)
板书:
望洞庭
观察湖月
山水
想象人景
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这篇课文是描写秋夜景色的七言古诗。《望洞庭》是唐代诗人刘禹锡在秋天转任和州,行经洞庭所作。这首诗选择了月夜遥望的角度,通过丰富的想象和形象的比喻,将月夜的洞庭美景描绘得惟妙惟肖,跃然纸上。
写洞庭湖诗大多气势雄伟、境界壮阔,如孟浩然的气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城。《临洞庭上张丞相》再如杜甫的吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。而刘禹锡这首诗却不同,重在表现洞庭湖的柔和秀美。
古诗先以秋月与湖光相映照,水月澄洁,一片和谐。湖面无风,如月下铜镜铺展于大地。镜未磨写出了浩阔湖面,涟漪轻起,波光粼粼,呈现出迷蒙之美。放眼远望,水白山青,相依相伴,恰如一颗青螺缀放在白银盘中,如一种工艺珍品,使人爱不忍释。全诗构想新奇,化大为小,色调淡雅。
1、把握好两点:
⑴ 阅读诗歌,大体把握诗意,想像诗歌描述的情境,体会诗人的情感。
⑵ 阅读教学的重点是培养学生具有感受、理解、欣赏和评价的能力。(《新课标》)
2、诗歌教学从三方面抓:
⑴ 抓字眼:旨在明确诗的意思。
⑵ 抓想象:旨在领悟诗的意境。
⑶ 抓吟诵:旨在进一步升华情感,得到美的熏陶。
1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文。
2、学会本课2个生字,认识两条绿线内的1个字,正确认读1个多音字磨。
3、理解这两首古诗的意思,感悟诗的意境,使学生从中受到美的熏陶。
1、以学过的古诗导入。
2、组织教学,每一首诗大体步骤:
了解诗人,理解诗题;抓住字眼,明白诗意;想象意境,领悟诗情;积累内化,拓展迁移。
3、大致分二课时。
课前背诵一些古诗,最后背《望洞庭》:
1、解题,了解诗人:
⑴ 板书课题:望洞庭。你从题目知道了些关于这首诗的什么信息?
(写的是洞庭,从望角度来写的,是远看)
⑵ 介绍诗人:
刘禹锡,洛阳人,它的诗通俗清新,富有民歌特色,为唐诗中别开生面之作。
2、初读:
自由读诗,想想从诗中体会到了什么。
指名读,正音:潭、磨、螺。
齐读。
3、精读感情(抓住字眼、想象意境):
⑴ 湖光秋月两相和:
感受和──和谐、协调。
你读出时间了吗?
(秋天的夜晚:秋月)
你读出当时作者眼前见到的景物了吗?(洞庭湖水清澈透明,与天上明月清光交相辉映,显得十分宁静、和谐)结合看插图。
两相和这两谁与谁?
(湖光与秋月)
湖光秋月如此和谐,水月澄洁,一片宁静的氛围,一派和谐之美!
⑵ 潭面无风镜未磨:
感受镜未磨──风平浪静。
(未:没有)
这里藏着一个精确的比喻,你读出来了吗?
(把潭面比作铜镜)
这铜镜还没有打磨呢,有些模糊,有些迷蒙。为什么?
(一是月光下不真切;二是浩阔湖面,涟漪轻起,波光粼粼)
这湖面浩阔,如月下铜镜铺在大地,涟漪轻起,粼粼细波,一派迷蒙之美!
⑶ 遥望洞庭山水色,白银盘里一青螺:
感受遥望银盘青螺──自然之美精美绝伦。
闭上眼睛,边读边想象,感受洞庭山水美景。
指名读,想象:白银作的盘子里放上一颗小巧玲珑的青色田螺,看着它,你有什么感觉?
诗中的白银盘指什么?一青螺呢?再看插图。说说感受。
月夜遥望,水白山青,相依相伴,恰似一颗青螺缀放在白银盘中,大自然如同精妙绝伦的工艺珍品,让人爱不忍释,好一派秀美柔和之景。
4、积累内化,迁移运用:
⑴ 朗读、背诵。
(指名有感情读背,因已有基础,重点放在投入情感上)
⑵ 延伸:其实写洞庭湖的诗还有许多,比如如孟浩然的气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城。《临洞庭上张丞相》再如杜甫的吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。他们的特点是把洞庭湖写得大多气势雄伟、境界壮阔,而刘禹锡这首诗却不同,重在表现洞庭湖的柔和秀美。有兴趣的同学不妨读读比较一下。
⑶ 课后5:想象,先说一说,再写下来。
(课上说课后写)
抄写第3题词语,并抄古诗;写写《望洞庭》这首诗描绘的景色。
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《望洞庭》是唐代文学家、诗人刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马后,赴任的途中经过洞庭湖时,月夜遥望洞庭湖写下的。很多诗人写洞庭湖,都着眼于它波澜壮阔的气势,这首诗却描绘了一幅宁静优美的洞庭月夜图,明白如话,却意味隽永。以语言轻俏,意境静美而著称。
秋天的朗朗清月,洒下如水的月光,湖面上水平如镜,静静的月,静静的湖,两相辉映,构成了一幅沉静、和谐、秀美的景色。今夜为何如此静谧?因为“潭面无风”,风平则浪静,才有第一行中湖光秋月、水天一色。“镜未磨”形象地写出月光下湖面的缥缈、朦胧之美,就像古时没有经过磨拭的铜镜一样,没有鲜亮的光泽。古代没有玻璃,镜子是用青铜铸的,磨光以后才能照人。未磨的镜面,平而不滑,明而不亮,朦朦胧胧,用来形容月夜湖光,真是恰到好处。一个“遥望”将我们的视野一下拉向广阔的八百里洞庭。此时,不仅可以欣赏到洞庭湖面之美,还可以看到美丽的山水之景。作者展开了奇丽的想象,给整幅画画上了点睛之笔:如果把月光下泛着银白波光的洞庭湖比作一个巨大的白色银盘的话,那么,湖中风景秀丽的君山就如同古时小妇人的青螺髻了!全诗纯然写景,既有细致的描写,又有生动的比喻。读来饶有趣味。
1、知识与技能目标:
⑴ 认识“螺”,掌握“庭、镜、磨、螺、潭”5个生字。
⑵ 有感情地朗读古诗,背诵课文。
2、过程与方法目标:
⑴ 继续进行自主识字,提高学生随文理解词意的能力。
⑵ 理解诗句的意思,想象诗歌的意境。
⑶ 学习通过查阅工具书了解相关资料理解诗句意思。
3、情感态度与价值观目标:
了解洞庭湖的静美。体会诗人用心感悟自然,用爱抒写自然的情怀。
反复朗读,背诵,读中感悟。
【教学准备】
1、学生准备:
搜集有关春天的古诗,借助工具书理解古诗。
2、教师准备:
写好古诗的黑板、古诗课件。
一、激发兴趣,导入新课
师:前三篇文章我们了解了大自然的美丽,今天我们来看看祖国风景名胜的美。谈谈自己到过哪些风景名胜,激发学生对风景名胜的向往。
二、自学古诗,感悟诗情
1、读诗。
2、解诗题:
诗题“望洞庭”“洞庭”指的是洞庭湖。
从一个“望”字你了解到了什么?
3、解诗句:
⑴ 请大家读一读诗句,对哪些字词还不明白。
⑵ 学生质疑:
根据学生发问和回答,课件出示难解字词意思,让学生板书(看注释、、联系上下文等)。
⑶ 以四人小组合作的形式讨论诗句的意思。
⑷ 你学懂了哪一句,向大家汇报一下:
根据学生发言进行补充纠正(连字词意思、看插图等)。
⑸ 把整首诗的意思连起来说一说。
三、师生对话、品悟诗情
1、如诗句中描写了哪些景物:
如《望洞庭》中“洞庭”“湖光”“秋月”“潭面”“无风”“镜”“遥望”“山水”“白银盘”。
2、读着诗句让你浮现了怎样的画面?
3、解答疑问:
“两相和”“镜未磨”“翠”“青螺”等词语的理解部分学生会感到困难,教师可以结合资料进行说明。
4、读全诗,体会望洞庭的动之美。
5、品味吟读,入境背诵:
理解了诗歌意思后,如果你能够入情入境地想象诗人当时的情景,品味诗歌的意境美和语言美就更好了。
鼓励学生背诵。
四、记忆字形,指导书写
1、自主认识字词,同桌互相测试。
2、指导学生找形近字的方法记忆“庭、镜、磨、螺、潭”生字。
五、拓展延伸,积累实践
孟浩然也写了一首描写洞庭湖的诗,我们来比较背诵欣赏。
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1、掌握常用文言词“徒”,理解诗歌大意,并能用恰当的词语概括“洞庭湖景象”。
2、反复诵读,感受律诗整齐的节奏美,在理解的基础上背诵。
3、了解诗人“含蓄、委婉地自我推荐”的精神,鼓励学生“勇敢地亮出自己、勇敢地展示自己的才华”。
理解诗歌大意,尤其是对“委婉地自我推荐”的四句诗句的理解把握。
1、学生说说他们见过的湖。引出孟浩然对洞庭湖的描写。
2、学生自读三次,参照注释理解每句诗歌的意思。
板书:“望洞庭湖赠张丞相”
孟浩然
3、找出对“洞庭湖“具体描写的诗句,并引导学生用一个词概括:
八月湖水平——水平如镜、湖水平静
涵虚混太清——水天一色、水天相接
气蒸云梦泽——水气氤氲、水气迷漫
波撼岳阳城——湖水汹涌、波涛汹涌
4、以上是“望洞庭湖”的诗句,那么题目中“赠张丞相”表明什么?诗中有没有写到张丞相?
分析后四句的意思,能够认识到“垂钓者”暗指进入仕途的人,尤其是张丞相,“舟楫”隐喻仕途引见的途径。
突破口:“坐观垂钓者,徒有羡鱼情”到底是“羡鱼”还是“羡钓鱼”
(1)有两种意见,分别给自己的观点找出支持的理由。(2)一般情况下两派意见争持不下,理由都不充分。
(2)此时教师给出“孟浩然”的作者简介,提示学生思考方向。
解题
《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》写于唐玄宗开元二十一年(733),当时孟浩然仍是一名隐士。他西游长安,不甘寂寞,想出来做事,苦于无人引荐,于是写了这首诗赠给当时居于相位的张九龄,希望得到张丞相的赏识和录用。因而这是一首干谒诗。“干谒”的意思是:对人有所求而请见。
关于作者:孟浩然(689---740)襄阳人,唐代山水田园派诗人代表之一,与王维并称,生活在大唐盛世。早年主要在家闭门苦读,四十岁时,前往长安,渴望出仕,但长安之行,求官失败,除赢得诗坛盛名之外,失意而归,游于吴越。张九龄在唐玄宗开元二十五年(737 ),被李林甫排挤,由右丞相贬为荆州长史。这首诗是张九龄在荆州任上孟浩然写给张九龄的。
(3)得出结论:羡慕钓鱼,此处“垂钓者”指进入仕途的官员,表达了自己想出来做官,苦于无人引荐,希望得到张九龄的帮助。
5、反复朗读、尝试背诵。
作业:批判性地学习诗人“含蓄地自我推荐的精神”,鼓励学生敢于“自荐”。
古人孟浩然推荐自己是含蓄而委婉的,作为现代人的我们推荐自己更应该大胆而勇敢,像古人“毛遂”那样自荐,勇敢地亮出自己的优势,勇敢地展示自己的才华,勇敢地说:我能行!。
望洞庭湖赠张丞相
孟浩然
八月湖水平,涵虚混太清。
气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城。
欲济无舟楫,端居耻圣明。
坐观垂钓者,徒有羡鱼情。
这是一首干谒诗。唐玄宗开元二十一年(733),孟浩然西游长安,写了这首诗赠当时在相位的张九龄,目的是想得到张的赏识和录用,只是为了保持一点身分,才写得那样委婉,极力泯灭那干谒的痕迹。
秋水盛涨,八月的洞庭湖装得满满的,和岸上几乎平接。远远望去,水天一色,洞庭湖和天空接合成了完完整整的一块。开头两句,写得洞庭湖极开朗也极涵浑,汪洋浩阔,与天相接,润泽着千花万树,容纳了大大小小的河流。
三、四句实写湖。“气蒸”句写出湖的丰厚的蓄积,仿佛广大的沼泽地带,都受到湖的滋养哺育,才显得那样草木繁茂,郁郁苍苍。而“波撼”两字放在“岳阳城”上,衬托湖的澎湃动荡,也极为有力。人们眼中的这一座湖滨城,好象瑟缩不安地匍伏在它的脚下,变得异常渺小了。这两句被称为描写洞庭湖的名句。但两句仍有区别:上句用宽广的平面衬托湖的浩阔,下句用窄小的立体来反映湖的声势。诗人笔下的洞庭湖不仅广大,而且还充满活力。
下面四句,转入抒情。“欲济无舟楫”,是从眼前景物触发出来的,诗人面对浩浩的湖水,想到自己还是在野之身,要找出路却没有人接引,正如想渡过湖去却没有船只一样。“端居耻圣明”,是说在这个“圣明”的太平盛世,自己不甘心闲居无事,要出来做一番事业。这两句是正式向张丞相表白心事,说明自己目前虽然是个隐士,可是并非本愿,出仕求官还是心焉向往的,不过还找不到门路而已。
于是下面再进一步,向张丞相发出呼吁。“垂钓者”暗指当朝执政的人物,其实是专就张丞相而言。这最后两句,意思是说:执政的张大人啊,您能出来主持国政,我是十分钦佩的,不过我是在野之身,不能追随左右,替你效力,只有徒然表示钦羡之情罢了。这几句话,诗人巧妙地运用了“临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网”(《淮南子·说林训》)的古语,另翻新意;而且“垂钓”也正好同“湖水”照应,因此不大露出痕迹,但是他要求援引的心情是不难体味的。
作为干谒诗,最重要的是要写得得体,称颂对方要有分寸,不失身分。措辞要不卑不亢,不露寒乞相,才是第一等文字。这首诗委婉含蓄,不落俗套,艺术上自有特色。
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1.能正确,流利,有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文。
2.学习本课的生字,认识一个多音字。
3.能理解诗句中重点词和诗句的意思。并能写出《望洞庭》一诗的景色。
4.理解这两首古诗的意思,感悟诗的意境,使学生从中受到美的熏陶。
理解这首诗的意思,感悟诗的意境。
1课时。
一、导入新课
(一)背诵古诗。同学们已经读过不少古诗,现在老师想请大家来背一背自己最喜欢的古诗。
(二)刚才大家背了很多古诗。它们只是中国浩瀚诗海中的一滴水,其中很多古诗都是诗人漫游登临写下的见闻感受,如王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》,李白的《望庐山瀑布》等等都是这样的情况下写成的。一千年前的一个秋天,有位诗人经过洞庭湖,洞庭的美景令他诗兴大发,写下了一首千古传诵的诗歌佳作。这就是我们今天要一起来学习的《望洞庭》,这位诗人就是唐代的著名的诗人刘禹锡。
(三)简单介绍作者:刘禹锡,唐代著名的文学家,诗人。代表作《竹枝词》、《陋室铭》。
二、初读感知
(一)学生自读全诗。要求是:读准字音,读通诗句:教师提问:你掌握了那些字词的正确读音?你会怎样提醒别人注意这些读音?
(二)学习一下生字词:正音:和hè hé huó huò 潭、君是前鼻音。磨是多音字,螺是边音。
(三)再读一读,结合课文中的插图,理解一下诗句:看看你读懂了哪些诗句?可以帮助别人。还有哪些诗句是你不懂得,需要别人帮助的。
(四)说一说,你觉得诗中哪些句子写的很美。你读了有怎样的感受和体验:
1.湖光秋色两相和,潭面无风镜未磨:注意:
① 和的意思是指和谐。
② 后一句是一个比喻句,让学生了解到未磨之镜,很模糊。而磨过的镜子很光亮,从而体会到洞庭湖的湖面朦胧的意境美。
2.白银盘里一青螺:让学生想象一下常见的大白盘子里放一个青螺。结合一下文中的“白银盘”是指的什么?“青螺”有指的什么?之后让大家想一想,青翠玲珑的君山,和清澈的湖水浑然一体。那是一种怎样的感觉?怎样的美丽?
三、通过我们刚刚的学习,了解到诗中的意境很清新,很安静。我们来好好读一读,看看怎样能把它读好。(注意重音、停顿)中间可以指导学生,正因为作者对于洞庭山水的热爱,所以笔下的洞庭是那么美丽。
四、通过学习,相信同学对于洞庭山水一定好奇,出示洞庭山水的图片资料。让学生感受一下现实中的洞庭山水
五、这样的美景,吸引着许多文人墨客,写下了许多描写洞庭的诗文名篇。
1.出示:
杜甫《登岳阳楼》和孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》。
2.让大家读一读,背一背。
一、解释加横线的词,并写出诗句的意思
湖光秋月两相和,潭面无风镜未磨:
1.诗句的意思是:__________________________________________。
2.此句中诗人把_____________________比作____________________。
二、认真背诵诗歌,仔细观察插图,展开丰富的想象,把〈望洞庭〉这首诗描绘的景色写下来。
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1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文。
2、能解释诗句中带点词和诗句的意思,并能用自己的话写出《望洞庭》一诗所描绘的景色。
3、理解这首诗的意思,感悟诗的意境,体味作者的思想感情,使学生从中受到美的熏陶。
在理解句意的基础上,创设情境,写出诗中所描绘的景色。
教查阅洞庭湖的相关资料
1、同学们,我们伟大的祖国山河秀丽,风景如画。考考你,下面的图片是介绍哪个地方的?(用上学过的诗句或好句)
出示图片:
(1)景:庐山瀑布 诗句:飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。
(2)景:大明湖 诗句: 四面荷花三面柳,一城山色半城湖。
(3)景:昆明湖 句子:静得像一面镜子,绿的像一块碧玉。
师:今天我带大家到洞庭湖走一走。有谁知道洞庭湖的,给大家介绍一下。
师:介绍得真不错,洞庭湖的景象非常迷人,在一千三百多年前,唐朝有位大诗人刘禹锡来到了洞庭湖附近,看到了这样一幅美景,不禁诗兴大发,写下了一首千古传颂的佳作。听,他正在吟诵呢!
1、多媒体出示诗,师配乐朗诵。——范读
2、咱们也来读一读。
同桌互读 抽读检查(5-6人)
3、检查自学效果:
a正音:洞dòng、潭tán、螺luó、磨mó
b说说你读懂了哪些字词,也可以把不理解的说出来大家一起解决。(洞庭 湖光 秋月 和 潭面 磨 遥望 白银盘 青螺)
3、大家预习的很好,那就让我们一起去看看洞庭湖的美景吧。(多媒体出示洞庭湖的画面。)
师:你能用上一些词来形容看到的景物吗?
生:……
师:送你们一组词语,幻灯片出示:
山青水秀 水天一色 湖光山色
水平如镜 银光闪闪 波光粼粼
备注:培养学生积累字词的习惯,为下面的写作作铺垫。
师:洞庭的美景配上刘禹锡的诗句那一定是有声有色,下面把你最喜欢的诗句读一读,说一说你的理解。
(一) “湖光秋月两相和,潭面无风镜未磨。”
师:结合诗句你看到了什么景象?感受到了什么?
生:秋天的夜晚,月光如水,水映月光,两者融合在一起,显得非常和谐。
师:看到如此美景,作者是怎样形容的?(镜未磨)
师:讲解“镜未磨”的意思。没有磨拭过的铜镜给人怎样的感觉?
师:这里藏着什么修辞方法?
生:比喻的修辞方法。把(无风的湖面)比作(没有打磨过的铜镜)。
师:同桌互相把这两句美美地读出来?并谈谈自己的理解。(同桌互读,一个读,一个用自己的话说一说)
湖光/ 秋月/ 两相和,
潭面/ 无风/ 镜未磨。
(二) “遥望洞庭山水色,白银盘里一青螺”。(多媒体出示)
师:远远望去,在平静的湖面上,我们还看到了什么?他像什么?(图片出示君山)
师:作者用了什么方法来介绍的君山的?(白银盘里一青螺)
诗中的“白银盘”指什么?“一青螺”呢?
师:你觉得它美在哪里?(翠、白、青,描写的有声有色)
师:这句诗中,诗人以奇特的想象、确切的比喻描绘了洞庭山水,你读出来了吗?用自己的话说一说。
遥望/ 洞庭/ 山水色,
白银/ 盘里/ 一青螺。
(三)诵读或背诵全诗。
师:诗人把月夜下洞庭的山水变成了一个精美绝伦的工艺品。让我们闭上眼睛再去感受一下这宁静和谐的洞庭湖。(给学生配乐诵读)
师:这么美丽的景色,你是用什么心情去读的?(愉快、高兴)其实,这首诗是作者刘禹锡被贬之后途经洞庭湖,夜晚站在岳阳楼上看到如此宁静和谐的美景,写下了这首诗,我们再来读一读,你能读出什么?(小组合作,互相说一说)
备注:学生读完,说一说这样读的原因。老师要在感情变化过程中引导学生正确理解作者的感情,体会作者开阔的胸襟,广阔的胸怀。
1、师:同学们,洞庭湖是我国的名胜,观光旅游的人很多,你请结合刘禹锡的诗,展开丰富的想象,描绘一下美丽的洞庭湖。
2、师:同学们读得真好,我们都被这迷人的景色陶醉了,这样的美景又引来了一位大诗人——孟浩然,他由景感怀,写下了《望洞庭赠张丞相》。
《望洞庭湖赠张丞相 》--(唐)孟浩然
八月湖水平, 涵虚混太清。 气蒸云梦泽, 波撼岳阳城。
欲济无舟楫, 端居耻圣明。 坐观垂钓者, 徒有羡鱼情。
课下,同学们还可以搜集更多有关洞庭湖的古诗,相互交流。
3、最后,我们让我们和着动听的音乐,美美地背一背这首诗。
望 洞 庭
[唐] 刘禹锡
湖光秋月两相和,
潭面无风镜未磨。
遥望洞庭山水翠,
白银盘里一青螺。
注释:
洞庭:湖名,在湖南省北部。
和:和谐,这里指水色和月色融为一体。
潭面:指湖面。
青螺:这里形容洞庭湖中的君山。
1、 通过小组合作解决下面字词。(把不理解的做出标记)
洞庭 湖光 秋月 和 潭面 磨 遥望 白银盘 青螺
2、 课下查阅洞庭湖的相关资料。
3、画出你认为描写优美的诗句或你不理解的诗句。
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《望洞庭》的作者是唐代诗人刘禹锡,诗人选择了月夜遥望的角度,把千里洞庭尽收眼底,抓住最具有代表性的湖光和山色,通过丰富的想象和形象的比喻,让洞庭湖的宁静、和谐之美跃然纸上,给人以莫大的艺术享受、
1、会认识本课的生字,并会读写遥望、银盘、青螺“等词语。
2、能正确、流利有感情地朗读课文,背诵古诗。
3、会通过看注释等途径,边读边想象画面,感知古诗的大意,并体会诗人喜爱洞庭湖之情。
目标三既是教学的重点,又是难点。
师生的双边活动,会使课堂产生灵动和智慧。本节课让学生用自主、合作、探究的方法,体会诗人对洞庭的喜爱之情。
白板课件
一、教师导学,创设情境,初识诗人揭诗题
1、谈话导入:我们的祖国山河壮美,风景如画,我们从一年级到四年级跟随着教科书的作者欣赏了祖国的山山水水。喜爱富饶的西沙群岛,喜欢风景迷人的黄山,赞叹壮观的钱塘潮,惊叹“飞流直下三千尺”庐山飞瀑,最爱“淡妆浓墨总相宜”的西湖,今天我们将走进祖国的另一处山水。(播放视频)
2、播放画面叙述:
现在呈现在大家面前的是中国第二大淡水湖——洞庭湖,它在湖南省北部,号称“八百里洞庭湖”。那里最大的特点便是湖外有湖,湖中有山,水天一色,真是绚丽迷人。
3、(播放洞庭湖风光课件后),说:“历代文人墨客为之倾倒,留下了许多美诗佳句。在一千三百多年前,唐朝诗人刘禹锡看到洞庭美景,写下了一首千古佳作。(板书:望洞庭)(注重书写“庭”)(田字格出示)
4、简单了解刘禹锡。
今天,我们就随着刘禹锡一起去欣赏他眼中的洞庭美景。
二、初读正音,感受诗的韵律美
1、学生自己练读。(时间两分钟)
(要求:能读多少遍就读多少编,每读一遍要有一遍的目的,能读正确了,就试着读流利,能读流利了就读出节奏,能读出节奏了,就要求自己背诵。)
小结:孩子们,你读书时的模样、读诗的声音,都将给我带来美的感受。)
2、检查反馈。(出示节奏)
三、探究展示,感受诗的意境美
(一)了解背景,为蓄情做准备。
了解学古诗就要了解相关背景知识,你对洞庭湖、诗人有什么了解呢?(总结学法:了解相关的背景知识,并对大量的信息,进行整理,转换为自己的语言,为学诗而准备。这是学诗非常重要的学习方法)
(二)读诗句,赏画面之“和”
欣赏诗句所呈现的画面美,从反复读诗句入手:
一边读,一边画,诗人都望到了哪些景物?借助注释,结合诗句,你望到了怎样的景像?自主思考后小组交流,合作汇报。
1、两相和
(月给了水清辉满怀,水给了月灵动无限,月色与水色交相辉映,相得益彰)
2、镜未磨
(这里的镜指古代的铜镜,(出示课件)古时候使用的铜镜,都是要先打磨一番,才能照出样子,而未磨的镜面,平而不滑,明而不亮,朦朦胧胧。)在月色下,像一面没有打磨的镜子,看上去模模糊糊,朦朦胧胧。再加上洞庭湖面,略带水雾,在月色的映照下,湖面和铜镜都是朦朦胧胧,用铜镜来形容月夜湖光,真是恰到好处,这句比喻真是妙不可言)
3、“望洞庭”
a什么是盛靑螺的白银盘呢?(出示插图)
b浩瀚无际的洞庭湖,那湖中翠绿的君山,为何浓缩为精致小巧的白玉盘,一青螺呢?
学生在合作交流探究中,初步欣赏洞庭湖的画面的和谐之美。
(二)知诗意,品自然之“和”
1、品读前两行诗
人们常说:“诗中有画,画中有诗”。别看这首诗仅仅27个字,但是如果你细细地品味,你会发现诗句描绘了一幅美好生动的画面。让我们一起走进这幅生动的画面:
学生读前两行诗,想象画面,进行交流
根据学生回答相机引导学生读好诗句。
用你的声音来表达你的感受。
师:是呀,正是月下湖面的平静,朦胧,才让我们感受到湖光、月色的和谐。这份和谐的美应该怎样读?(轻轻地读、读出柔和的美)
(学生试读)
引读:
秋月的清辉静静地洒在湖面,湖面好象披上了一层薄薄的轻纱是多么的宁静!一起来读——
洞庭湖在淡淡的月光笼罩下,湖面上泛起点点银光,此时那就像一位仙女降落人间,是那么温柔,一起读……
秋夜是最晴朗的,秋月是最皎洁的,秋水是最平静的,尽管刘禹锡接连被贬,但他并不伤感,秋月、湖光融合成为他心中最美丽的画面——
教师小结:一个“和”字让人有多少遐想啊,“和”字就是这首诗的“眼睛”叫诗眼。(板书:和)
2、品读后两行诗。
月光下的洞庭湖,虽然比不上甲天下的漓江,也比不上淡妆浓墨总相宜的西湖,但在诗人的眼中,此时,它就是最美的。让我们继续来欣赏洞庭湖的其他美景。
(1)(山就是指君山,水就是洞庭湖)你从哪里感受到“和”字?
(2)远远望去,洞庭湖和君山的形成的景色,像什么呢?怎么读出感受?
(识记生字“螺”)
真美,月夜下洞庭湖面变成了白银盘,君山变成了小青螺,看起来多么精致呀?你打算怎么读这两句?
(指名读,评价。让我们美美地读好这两行诗,齐读)
诵读过诗后,你想象的画面怎么样?(叙述画面)
创设情境引读:
点点银光……翠绿的君山,构成一幅美丽的山水画,诗人不由赞叹到——遥望洞庭山水翠,白银盘里一青螺。
君山倒映在洞庭湖中的妩媚姿态,美如仙子,楚楚动人如——
遥望洞庭山水翠,白银盘里一青螺。
是呀,陶醉在美景中的刘禹锡,只觉得自己身轻如燕,飘飘欲仙。他忽发奇想,如果能够飞上云端,鸟瞰洞庭山水,那八百里月光闪烁的湖面,像一只晶莹剔透的银盘!而湖中碧玉般挺立着的君山,不恰好是白银盘中一颗小巧玲珑的青螺吗?——遥望洞庭山水翠,白银盘里一青螺。(完成板书简笔画部分)
(三)品意境,悟人景之“和”
远望洞庭八百里,诗人眼前定是无遮无拦,兴许还是登高而望,才能“遥望山水”,尽收眼底,也才会生出“白银盘里一青螺”的奇思妙想。这与其说是真实的山水之景,不如说是作者此时内心的情绪的写照,诗中诉说着怎样的心情?
1、寻找“和”字背后的故事,探寻诗人的人生经历。
这首诗的诗眼是“和”字,在“和”字背后,隐藏着什么耐人寻味意境呢?(出示资料)
(二十三岁踏上仕途的刘禹锡,三十三岁成为政治革新的核心人物,革新只进行了半年便以失败告终,刘禹锡接连被贬。四十二岁奉召回京,次年写诗得罪执政,外放为连州刺史,后又担任夔州刺史、和州刺史,五十四岁从和州召回洛阳。刘禹锡在《历阳书事七十韵》序中称:“长庆四年八月,予自夔州刺史转历阳(和州),浮岷江,观洞庭,历夏口,涉浔阳而东。”刘禹锡贬逐南荒,二十年间去来洞庭,据文献可考的约有六次。其中只有转任和州这一次,是在秋天。可见本诗是转任和州经过洞庭湖所写。)
小结:刘禹锡看到洞庭美景,情不自禁地陶醉了,他忘掉了被贬的痛苦,忘掉了四处奔波的辛酸,只感觉心旷神怡,如饮美酒,请你再读读整首诗——(配乐)
2、请你用喜欢的方式来向大家展示这首古诗?(展示)
小结:你们读出了情,把静止的画面读活了。我们还可以用歌声演绎对洞庭湖的喜爱,(放歌曲)
(四)拓展延伸,感受诗的情感美
自古人称“洞庭天下水”。许许多多有名的诗人,像李白、杜甫、孟浩然都慕名而去,写下了不少经典名篇,传诵至今,我们一起来欣赏孟浩然、雍陶有名的诗句。
1、拓展诗:《望洞庭赠张丞相》《题君山》
2、这节课我们一起欣赏了洞庭美景,分享了诗人宁静淡泊的情怀,课后让我们继续了解洞庭湖与刘禹锡。
背一背《望洞庭》
画一画洞庭湖的美景
读一读关于洞庭湖的文章
赏一赏刘禹锡的诗作
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1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文。
2、学会本课生字,其中田字格前面的只识不写。
3、能解释诗句中带点词和诗句的意思,并能写出本课题《望洞庭》一诗所描绘的景色。
4、理解这首诗的意思,感悟诗的意境,使学生从中受到美的熏陶。
理解古诗的意思,感悟诗的意境。
洞庭湖风光的多媒体课件(也可用投影片代替)、配套朗读磁带
一、导入揭题
1、同学们,我们伟大的祖国山河秀丽,风景如画。今天,想带大家去洞庭湖走一走,领略一下洞庭的美景。有谁知道洞庭湖的?
2、结合学生收集的资料来介绍洞庭湖的。
3、多媒体出示洞庭湖的画面。
4、师送一组词,卡片出示:波光粼粼、银光闪闪、水平如镜、水天一色、迷迷蒙蒙、朦朦胧胧、宁静和谐。
5、引出课题
师:洞庭湖的景象非常迷人,从古至今有无数文人墨客被它吸引,写下了许多描写洞庭的美诗佳句。在一千三百多年前,唐朝有位大诗人刘禹锡来到了洞庭湖附近,看到了这样一幅美景,不禁诗兴大发,写下了一首千古传颂的佳作。听,他正在吟诵呢!
多媒体出示诗和配乐朗诵。
二、精读会意
1、自读全诗,明确要求。
读准字音,读不准的生字看生字表,读通诗句。
2、检查自学效果,正音:洞dòng、潭tán、螺luó、磨mó
3、再读,边读边思考,你读懂了哪些字或那些词,来说一说。
(一)教学“湖光秋月两相和,潭面无风镜未磨。”
相:相互。和:和谐、协调。湖光:湖水的光。
秋月:可以看出时间是秋天的晚上。
这句诗的意思是:秋天的夜晚,月光如水,水映月光,两者融合在一起,显得非常和谐。
潭面:是指洞庭湖面。未:没有。磨:磨拭。镜未磨:指没有磨拭过的铜镜。
理解这句诗意:
湖上一点风也没有,湖面朦朦胧胧,就像一面没有磨拭过的铜镜。
诗中把什么比作什么?
谁能美美地把这两句诗读好?(给生配乐)
湖光/秋月/两相和,潭面/无风/镜未磨。
(二)教学“遥望洞庭山水色,白银盘里一青螺”。
遥望:远望。点题,可以看出诗人离洞庭湖有一段距离,所以诗的题目是《望洞庭》。
山水色:山就是指君山,这句诗的意思是远远望去,洞庭湖和君山的颜色,就像“白银盘里一青螺”。
出示实物:白银盘和一个青螺:你看到了什么?与画中的景象比一比,象吗?诗人把月夜下洞庭的山水变成了一个精美绝伦的工艺品。
这句诗中,把什么比作了什么?
把(洞庭湖)比作(白银盘);把(君山)比作(青螺)。
请生读好这两句诗。
遥望/洞庭/山水色,白银/盘里/一青螺。
闭上眼睛,听配乐朗诵,你能想象出这样的景色吗?用上一两个形容词说一说。
学生发挥想象,自由描述。
三、总结。
同学们,洞庭湖是我国的名胜,观光旅游的人很多,你们将来有机会一定要到湖南的岳阳市边上去看一看洞庭湖,玩一玩君山,登一登岳阳楼,好好地领略一下祖国的锦绣风光。
四、指导写字
1、学生用自己喜欢的方式记忆生字。
2、范写“潭、螺”,指出书写要点。
3、学生完成习字册。
五、作业。
1、用钢笔完成习字册。
2、抄写书后第三项词语两遍。
3、想象《望洞庭》所描绘的景色,用几句话写下来。
《望洞庭》是诗人在看到洞庭湖的美景时有感而发。诗人描写真实,生动、具体,把湖光和月亮浑然一体的和谐、宁静比作镜子,把君山比作青螺,把洞庭湖比作白银盘。学生通过学诗看课件图片,体会诗人所描写的意境,学起来很有兴趣。
我在教学这首古诗时就打破了传统的逐字逐词逐句牵引,而后串诗意的串讲式的教学模式,充分还给学生独立思考、发挥想象的空间。因此,在上课时,我紧紧围绕以学定教的原则设计教学环节,从学生已知入手,探讨未知。强调学生的积极参与和全程参与。
在教学中,适时地安排自学环节,鼓励学生利用工具书查解字词,给学生创建自读自悟的机会。
在交流自学成果的过程中,变单纯的“师教生”为“生生互学”“生生互补”,变僵硬的教师灌输为学生间的自我启迪,从而充分地让学生自主学习,自悟,自得。教学效果不错。
之后,我引导学生观看书上的插图,再结合诗句说一说诗中所描写的景色,想象诗句中没有提到的内容,然后让他们把这首诗改写成一篇写景的记叙文。因为在学习的时候比较感兴趣,所以很多同学想象丰富,写得很优美,想象丰富。但依然有一小部分语文基础较差的学生说得较空洞,写得很不连贯。这是目前必须思考的一个问题。
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苏教版国标本小学语文四年级上册第3课《古诗两首》之《望洞庭》,是唐代诗人刘禹锡在秋天转任途中经洞庭时所作。
《望洞庭》这首诗选择了月夜遥望的角度,通过丰富的想象和形象的比喻,将月夜的洞庭美景描绘得惟妙惟肖,跃然纸上。诗人笔下的月夜洞庭山水俨然变成了一件精美绝伦的工艺珍品,给人以莫大的艺术享受。《语文课程标准》指出:“三、四年级学生要诵读优秀诗文,注意在诵读过程中体验情感,领悟内容。”中年级的学生已经具有一定的自主学习能力,课堂上要真正把学习的主动权归还给学生,通过教师有效地促进和支持性教学行为,帮助学生突破教学重难点,组织学生在轻松、自由的课堂环境中快乐的学习。美国哈佛大学霍华德·加德纳的多元智能理论完成了对传统智力理论的批判与建设,本节课将以此理论为支撑,通过有效的教学设计关注每一位学生优势智能的培养,达到“三维”教学目标的整合。
认知目标:正确、流利、有感情地朗读古诗,背诵古诗。
能力目标:能凭借课文插图或通过理解古诗大意;课外吟诵刘禹锡的其它古诗。
情感目标:感悟古诗的意境,体会诗人的思想感情,激发学生对洞庭湖的喜爱和赞美之情,使学生受到美的熏陶。
想像这首诗描绘的优美景象,感受诗人笔下的月夜洞庭山水的柔美皎洁和精美绝伦。背诵古诗。
理解词语“两相和”、“白银盘”和“青螺”,感悟诗境,体会诗人对洞庭湖的喜爱与赞美之情。
1、资料搜集:作者刘禹锡的生平、君山的传说
2、电化教具:投影片、课文录音磁带
3、实物准备:白盘子、青螺
(一)整体读,感知美。
1、导入:同学们,我们伟大的祖国地大物博,山青水秀,美不胜收。今天这节课,我们将追随唐代诗人刘禹锡的足迹,到湖南岳阳的洞庭湖走一走,看一看。
板书:望洞庭
2、指名说了解的刘禹锡和洞庭湖。
(刘禹锡,唐代思想家、政治家、文学家。字梦得。洛阳人。刘禹锡工诗能文,兼擅书法。所著有《刘宾客集》。洞庭湖,我国第二大淡水湖,绵延八百里,烟波浩淼,水天相接,朝晖夕阴,气象万千。)
3、播放朗读录音,学生边看插图边听读,整体感知美。
4、自己练读,达到正确、流利。
5、同位互查读,力争人人过关。
(注:介绍刘禹锡生平和洞庭湖考察学生课前搜集信息的能力,激发学生读诗的欲望。正所谓“不积跬步,何以至千里”,熟读古诗,人人过关,是下步教学的良好开端。)
(二)理解读,洞察美。
1、导入:学习古诗,意在读出它的韵味,它的意境,读好古诗要做哪些准备工作呢?
2、学生各抒己见。
3、学生读诗,先说说能够理解的词语的意思。
(1)自由理解。
(2)小组内研讨。
(3)全班交流。
(相:相互和:和谐镜:铜镜,比喻洞庭湖水面
镜未磨:未被磨拭过的铜镜遥望:远望)
重点研讨“镜未磨”:为什么把湖面比喻成未经磨拭的铜镜呢?
引导学生想象:作者观察时恰逢晚间,在月光照映下,湖面迷迷蒙蒙,不是很清楚,而未经磨拭过的铜镜应该就是一种模糊的感觉。
4、凭借课文插图,叙说古诗大意。
(1)指导学生观察课文插图,发挥想象,大胆述说古诗意思。
(2)小组内练说,让平时不爱发言的同学先说,其余同学做好补充。
(3)指名到台前看投影上的插图解说。
重点指导理解“白银盘里一青螺”:
教师演示:一个大白盘子里放着一颗青螺。
让学生谈看到的感受。
质疑:诗中的“白银盘”是指什么?“一青螺”又指什么?
再与课文插图对照,洞察艺术之美。
(古诗大意:秋夜,洞庭湖水清澈透明,与明月的清光交相辉映,显得十分宁静、和谐;湖上无风,迷迷蒙蒙的湖面就像未经磨拭的铜镜一样。在皓月银辉下,青翠的君山,清澈的湖水,浑然一体,远望如同银盘里放了一颗小巧玲珑的青螺,十分惹人喜爱。)
5、练读,读出诗的韵味,感受诗的意境。
(1)自由练读,想象画面。
(2)同位赛读,欣赏插图。
(3)展示评读,美化诗境。
6、背诵古诗,水到渠成。
(注:诗中有画,读诗要想象重现诗中的画面;画中有诗,读诗要欣赏诗中精妙语言对画面的描述。如诗如画,品诗赏画,古诗词文字精简,给读者留下了非常广阔的想象空间。通过启发学生想象,填补了诗句的含蓄和跳跃,丰富了诗句的语言和画面。学生边读诗,边想象,如临其境,如闻其声。)
(三)对比读,深化美。
1、投影映示:
望洞庭
潭面镜未磨,潭面无风镜未磨,
湖光秋月和。湖光秋月两相和。
洞庭山水色,遥望洞庭山水色,
盘里一青螺。白银盘里一青螺。
2、对比读,比较内容的不同之处,说说原诗的精妙之处。
3、自由理解的基础上,同位交流。
4、指名汇报。(正因无风,湖面才会如此宁静、和谐;正因作者在远望洞庭的山山水水,君山才显得小巧玲珑;之所以是“白银盘”,正因是在皓月银辉下。)
5、再读原诗,深化美。
(注:诗可言志,亦可传情。古诗是语言的浓缩,而往往浓缩就是精华。作为中国独有的宝贵文化遗产,让学生意识到古诗语言的精炼与美妙,不仅可以加深学生对古诗内容的理解,还可以引发学生对祖国古代文化的'热爱。)
(四)延伸读,升华美。
1、投影映示:
题君山题君山
雍陶方干
烟波不动影沉沉,曾于方外见麻姑,
碧色全无翠色深。闻说君山自古无。
疑是水仙梳洗处,元是昆仑山顶石,
一螺青黛镜中心。海风吹落洞庭湖。
2、自由练读后,指名读。
3、师:自古君山的来历便充满神奇色彩,众说纷纭,流传着许多美丽的传说。
4、指名讲述课前搜集的有关君山的传说。
相传在远古时代,洞庭湖中并没有岛。每当狂风大作、白浪滔天时,来往船只无处停靠,常被恶浪吞没,当地人民苦不堪言。这事引起了水下72位螺姑娘的同情。她们忍痛脱下身上的螺壳,结成一个个小岛,后来连在一起,就成了今天的君山。君山上的72峰,就是72位螺姑娘变成的。
又相传4000多年前,禹帝南巡,他的两个爱妃娥皇、女英随后赶来,船被风浪阻于洞庭山。忽闻禹帝已死于苍梧(今广西梧州市),二妃悲痛欲绝,扶竹南望,涕泪纵横,点点泪珠洒于竹上,呈现斑斑点点,因此便成了现在君山北边生长的“湘妃竹”,也叫“斑竹”。二妃也因悲恸过度身亡,葬于此地,故在君山东麓有二妃墓。民间有诗曰:“禹帝南巡去不还,二妃幽怨云水间。当时垂泪知多少,直到如今竹尚班。”而在二妃墓前,立有“禹帝二妃之墓”石碑,旁坚石柱,上刻麒、麟、狮、象浮雕。墓前一对石柱,上刻楹联一幅:“君妃二魄芳千古,山竹诸斑泪一人”。二妃称为君妃、湘妃,为了纪念她们,就把洞庭山改为君山,也叫湘山。据说这就是君山和湘山名称的由来。
有趣的是,君山在历史上还有过负罪的传说。据传,秦始皇当年巡狩天下,船过君山时,忽然风浪大作,始皇大怒,说:“我真命天子行舟,本应风平浪静,是谁如此大胆,竟敢兴风作浪?”接着,他便问左右:“此乃何地?”侍臣回答说是君山。始皇一听愈加恼怒,说:“普天之下,唯我为君,怎么山也称起君来了?”他遂命刑徒三千砍光了全山的树木,并下令于石壁上刻封山令。今临湖石壁上仍可见一石印,长1米,宽0。8米,字迹依稀可辨,似是“永封”二字,俗称为“封山印”。
4、再读两首《题君山》,洞庭湖与君山的神奇之美在脑中升华。
(注:诗中有诗,诗外有诗,以诗带诗,以诗比诗,把相关的诗词优化组合,既加深对原有教材的理解感悟,又丰富拓展学习内容,让学生悟出了学习古诗要运用对比的方法。美丽的传说自然勾起学生的幻想,演绎精彩的朗读。这是教学内容的延伸,亦是学生情感升华的阶梯。)
(五)多样作业,表现美。
1、写一写:想象这首诗所描绘的景色,写下来。
2、画一画:把这首诗描绘的景色用多彩的画笔表现出来。
3、找一找:收集刘禹锡的其它诗作,与同学交流。
(注:尺有所短,寸有所长;物有所不足,智有所不明。学生的兴趣是有差异的。传统的单一的作业难以迎合所有学生的口胃,给学生一个选择的机会,有利于因材施教,有利于学生多元智能发展。)
崇实·唯美·益智
――《望洞庭》教后反思
崇实。课堂教学着重体现“三实”。“三实”即真实、朴实、扎实。本课教学目标的确定牢记一个“实”字,遵循诗教规律,以人为本,关注生命,引领学生一步一趋地进入诗的意境,走进诗人的生活。充分挖掘课内外资源,有效地组织学生的学习活动,关注学困生,课堂面向全体,让每一个学生都有展示才能的机会。如初读古诗,人人过关,全部达到正确、流利;组内交流古诗意思,让学困生先说等。木桶原理告诉我们,木桶盛水量的多少取决于最短的那块木板。面向全体就要照顾到学困生,他们一般语言智能较弱,让他们“大声思维”,让他们意识到课堂是因他们而公平存在着的,必会扬起他们自信的风帆,自然无须扬鞭自奋啼。
唯美。庄子曾说:“天地有大美而不言。”古诗是唯美的艺术,《望洞庭》堪称美的经典。诗中融入作者大量的想象,是现实与幻想的结合,正因如此,给这首古诗增添了一些神奇的色彩,美仑美奂,亦真亦幻,作者对洞庭山水浓浓的喜爱之情跃然纸上。“缀文者情动而辞发,观文者披文而入境。”闻一多也说,既然是诗,就得有“诗的艺术,诗的想象,诗的情感,在诗的王国里,宁可多一点贵族精神,也万不可提倡什么平民风格”。学生要想达到美读成诵,必然与作者产生情感共鸣,这就需要发挥想象,潜心涵咏,洞察诗人内心世界,感悟古诗的意境。教学中通过多种形式组织学生学习,整体读、理解读、对比读、延伸读、布置多样作业,由浅入深,由表及里,由课内到课外,无不在循序渐进地为学生营造一个美读、读美的学习环境。
益智。多元智能理论赋予了智能全新的定义,认为每个人与生俱来地拥有8种智能,并至少拥有一项优势智能,优势智能可以带动弱势智能,实现全面发展。课堂中调动学生多种感官参与学习,让不同智能优势的学生获得喜欢的学习方式。指导学生看图,培养学生自然观察者智能、视觉空间智能;让学生到台前解说,培养语言言语智能;让学生想象画面,培养视觉空间智能……
总之,我在古诗教学中努力实践叶圣陶老先生提出的吟诵要求:“令学生吟诵,要使他们看做一种享受而不看做一种负担。一遍比一遍读来入调,一遍比一遍体会亲切,并不希望早一点能够背诵,而自然达到纯熟的境界。”
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1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,背诵课文。
2、学会本课生字,其中田字格前面的只识不写。
3、能解释诗句中带点词和诗句的意思,并能写出本课题《望洞庭》一诗所描绘的景色。
4、理解这首诗的意思,感悟诗的意境,使学生从中受到美的熏陶。
1、同学们,我们伟大的祖国山河秀丽,风景如画。前不久大家游了一回九寨沟,感受颇深,并写了非常优美的文章。今天,想带大家去洞庭湖走一走,领略一下洞庭的美景。有谁知道洞庭湖的?
2、结合学生收集的资料来介绍洞庭湖的。
生:洞庭湖位于湖南省的北部,岳阳市附近,是我国第二大淡水湖。
生:八百里洞庭,烟波浩淼。水天相接,朝晖夕阴,气象万千。湖中有君山,山上有诸多名胜。
生:著名诗人范仲淹来到洞庭,留下了先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐的经典之作。
师:介绍得真不错,咱们一起去看看。
3、多媒体出示洞庭湖的画面。
师:你看到了什么景象?
生:夜晚的洞庭湖,天空、明月、湖水
师:你能用上一些词来形容看到的景物吗?
生:月明星稀、风清月朗、风月无边、皓月当空
4、师送一组词,卡片出示:波光粼粼、银光闪闪、水平如镜、水天一色、迷迷蒙蒙、朦朦胧胧、宁静和谐。
5、引出课题
师:洞庭湖的景象非常迷人,从古至今有无数文人墨客被它吸引,写下了许多描写洞庭的美诗佳句。在一千三百多年前,唐朝有位大诗人刘禹锡来到了洞庭湖附近,看到了这样一幅美景,不禁诗兴大发,写下了一首千古传颂的佳作。听,他正在吟诵呢!
多媒体出示诗和配乐朗诵。
1、自读全诗,明要求。
读准字音,读不准的生字看生字表,读通诗句。
2、检查自学效果,正音:洞dòng、潭tán、螺luó、磨mó
3、再读,边读边思考,你读懂了哪些字或那些词,来说一说。
生:我理解了湖光秋月两相和。(多媒体出示)
相:相互。和:和谐、协调。湖光:湖水的光。
秋月:可以看出时间是秋天的晚上。
师:你理解得真不错。
生:我理解两相和:湖水和月光融合在一起,显得非常和谐。
生:这句诗的意思是:秋天的夜晚,月光如水,水映月光,两者融合在一起,显得非常和谐。
生:我理解了潭面无风镜未磨(多媒体出示)
潭面:是指洞庭湖面。未:没有。磨:磨拭。
镜未磨:指没有磨拭过的铜镜。
师:没有磨拭过的铜镜给人怎样的感觉?
生:朦朦胧胧、模模糊糊。
生:我理解这句诗意:湖上一点风也没有,湖面朦朦胧胧,就像一面没有磨拭过的铜镜。
师:诗中把什么比作什么?
生:把(潭面)比作(没有磨拭过的铜镜)。
师:谁能美美地把这两句诗读好?(给生配乐)
湖光/
秋月/
两相和,
潭面/
无风/
镜未磨。
生:遥望:远望。
师:点题,可以看出诗人离洞庭湖有一段距离,所以诗的题目是《望洞庭》。
生:山水色:山就是指君山,这句诗的意思是远远望去,洞庭湖和君山的颜色,就像白银盘里一青螺。
师(出示实物:白银盘和一个青螺):你看到了什么?
生:我看到了白银盘里放着个小巧玲珑的青螺,十分惹人喜爱。
师:请你与画中的景象比一比,象吗?
生:真美,把月夜下洞庭的山水变成了一个精美绝伦的工艺品。
师:这句诗中,把什么比作了什么?
生:把(洞庭湖)比作(白银盘);把(君山)比作(青螺)。
请生读好这两句诗。
遥望/
洞庭/
山水色,
白银/
盘里/
一青螺。
师:这首诗意境很美,谁能美美地把它吟诵并背诵。
师:闭上眼睛,听配乐朗诵,你能想象出这样的景色吗?用上一两个形容词来说一说。
生:秋天的一个夜晚,我和刘禹锡登山岳阳楼,遥望洞庭湖,银色的月光洒在水平如镜的湖面上,月光如水水如天,朦胧中那君山就象是白银盘里的一个青螺,十分惹人喜爱。在这个宁静和谐的夜晚,我和刘禹锡依依话别。
生:月明星稀的夜晚,我漫步在洞庭湖边,那柔和的月色和湖水融合在一起,整个湖面像笼罩着一层薄纱。朦胧中,那君山就像一个放在白银盘里的青螺,我被这迷人的景色陶醉了。
生:
1、用钢笔描红。
2、想象《望洞庭》所描绘的景色,用几句话写下来。
活用了于永正的五重教学法,用儿童化的语言让孩子们从读中发现问题,产生美感,产生乐学感。
古诗词很美,但不好教,在一幅直观的画面中,学生有针对地去匹配他已有的知识,既回忆起了以往学过的风清月明、风月无边,又把握了诗文审美韵味与内涵。在积累语言与情感的基础上,注重对生命的感悟,展示自己对古诗的个性解读,白银盘里一青螺一句低调处理,更显示了学生能触类旁通地创造性思维。
写不止半壁江山,两根柱子一条龙之说,提升了习作的地位,使之更科学合理化。在课堂上强调课文对生活的热爱和练说练笔的积极性。将课后的习题设置成岳阳楼上望洞庭的情境练说,有的学生进入了角色,在与刘禹锡的朋友话别;有的利用了搜集的资料介绍了《题君山》的诗文和先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐的名言;把对景色的描摩,诗意的外化活用纠个性的表达中,不正是语文素养的提高吗?而课首的成语系列也自然的水到渠成、学以致用。
1.正确、流利、有感情地朗读古诗,背诵古诗。
2.能凭借课文插图或通过理解古诗大意;课外吟诵刘禹锡的其它古诗。
3.感悟古诗的意境,体会诗人的思想感情,激发学生对洞庭湖的喜爱和赞美之情,使学生受到美的熏陶。
想像这首诗描绘的优美景象,感受诗人笔下的月夜洞庭山水的柔美皎洁和精美绝伦,背诵古诗。
理解词语“两相和”、“白银盘”和“青螺”,感悟诗境,体会诗人对洞庭湖的喜爱与赞美之情。
1.资料搜集:作者刘禹锡的生平,君山的传说。
2.电化教具:投影片、课文录音磁带。
3.实物准备:白盘子、青螺。
1课时
1.导入:同学们,我们伟大的祖国地大物博,山青水秀,美不胜收。今天这节课,我们将追随唐代诗人刘禹锡的足迹,到湖南岳阳的洞庭湖走一走,看一看。
板书:望洞庭
2.指名说对刘禹锡和洞庭湖的了解。
刘禹锡,唐代思想家、政治家、文学家,字梦得,洛阳人。刘禹锡工诗能文,兼擅书法。所著有《刘宾客集》。
洞庭湖,我国第二大淡水湖,绵延八百里,烟波浩淼,水天相接,朝晖夕阴,气象万千。
3.播放朗读录音,学生边看插图边听读,整体感知美。
4.自己练读,达到正确、流利。
5.同位互相查读,力争人人过关。
1.导入:学习古诗,意在读出它的韵味,它的意境,读好古诗要做哪些准备工作呢?
2.学生各抒己见。
3.学生读诗,先说说能够理解的词语的意思。
(1)自由理解。
(2)小组内研讨。
(3)全班交流。
相:相互和:和谐镜:铜镜,比喻洞庭湖水面
镜未磨:未被磨拭过的铜镜 遥望:远望
重点研讨“镜未磨”:为什么把湖面比喻成未经磨拭的铜镜呢?
引导学生想象:作者观察时恰逢晚间,在月光照映下,湖面迷迷蒙蒙,不是很清楚,而未经磨拭过的铜镜应该就是一种模糊的感觉。
4.凭借课文插图,叙说古诗大意。
(1)指导学生观察课文插图,发挥想象,大胆述说古诗意思。
(2)小组内练说,让平时不爱发言的同学先说,其余同学做好补充。
(3)指名到台前看投影上的插图解说。
重点指导理解“白银盘里一青螺”:
教师演示:一个大白盘子里放着一颗青螺。让学生谈看到的感受。
质疑:诗中的“白银盘”是指什么?“一青螺”又指什么?再与课文插图对照,洞察艺术之美。
古诗大意:秋夜,洞庭湖水清澈透明,与明月的清光交相辉映,显得十分宁静、和谐;湖上无风,迷迷蒙蒙的湖面就像未经磨拭的铜镜一样。在皓月银辉下,青翠的君山,清澈的湖水,浑然一体,远望如同银盘里放了一颗小巧玲珑的青螺,十分惹人喜爱。
5.练读,读出诗的韵味,感受诗的意境。
(1)自由练读,想象画面。
(2)同位赛读,欣赏插图。
(3)展示评读,美化诗境。
6.背诵古诗,水到渠成。
1.投影映示:
望洞庭
潭面镜未磨,潭面无风镜未磨,
湖光秋月和。湖光秋月两相和。
洞庭山水翠,遥望洞庭山水翠,
盘里一青螺。白银盘里一青螺。
2.对比读,比较内容的不同之处,说说原诗的精妙之处。
3.自由理解的基础上,同位交流。
4.指名汇报。(正因无风,湖面才会如此宁静、和谐;正因作者在远望洞庭的山山水水,君山才显得小巧玲珑;之所以是“白银盘”,正因是在皓月银辉下。)
5.再读原诗,深化美。
1.投影映示:
雍陶
烟波不动影沉沉,
碧色全无翠色深。
疑是水仙梳洗处,
一螺青黛镜中心。
方干
曾于方外见麻姑,
闻说君山自古无。
元是昆仑山顶石,
海风吹落洞庭湖。
2.自由练读后,指名读。
3.师:自古君山的来历便充满神奇色彩,众说纷纭,流传着许多美丽的传说。
4.指名讲述课前搜集的有关君山的传说。
相传在远古时代,洞庭湖中并没有岛。每当狂风大作、白浪滔天时,来往船只无处停靠,常被恶浪吞没,当地人民苦不堪言。这事引起了水下72位螺姑娘的同情。她们忍痛脱下身上的螺壳,结成一个个小岛,后来连在一起,就成了今天的君山。君山上的72峰,就是72位螺姑娘变成的。
1.写一写:想象这首诗所描绘的景色,写下来。
2.画一画:把这首诗描绘的景色用多彩的画笔表现出来。
3.找一找:收集刘禹锡的其它诗作,与同学交流。
看到联想比喻
湖面镜未磨→把湖面比作铜镜
银盘→把湖面比作银盘
君山→青螺→把君山比作青螺热爱
我在古诗教学中努力实践叶圣陶老先生提出的吟诵要求:“令学生吟诵,要使他们看做一种享受而不看做一种负担。一遍比一遍读来入调,一遍比一遍体会亲切,并不希望早一点能够背诵,而自然达到纯熟的境界。”
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1、理解《望洞庭》诗意,并写出诗意。
2、能有感情地朗读、背诵这首诗,
1、上节课,我们学习了李白的《峨眉山月歌》,谁能来述说诗意,并有感情地背诵?
2、说说对刘禹锡的了解:刘禹锡,唐代诗人,洛阳人,其诗通俗、清新、有民歌特色。
1、3、介绍洞庭湖:位于湖北省北部,是我国第二大淡水湖,有”八百里洞庭“之称,湖中有君山,名胜很多。指名说。
2、指名背。
1、指导回忆《峨眉山月歌》的学法逐句理解诗句的意思。
2、串讲诗句的意思。
3、看图想象。
朗读体会。
运用学法学生自学。教师巡视自学情况。
检查生字:磨洞潭螺
1、
交流:1、字词意思:相:相互
和:和谐,协调
镜未磨:未曾擦拭过的镜子。
2、有感情地朗读这句诗。
3、
遥望;远望。
有感情地朗读这句诗。
引导思考讨论:1、诗歌写的是什么时候的景色?2、”湖光山色“为什么会”两相和“?3、文中的饿”镜“、”白银盘“、”青螺“分别指什么,为什么要这样比?
1、看图想象,思考讨论。
2、交流。
1、出示课文挂图或幻灯。观察,用文中的词句来描绘图意。
2、观察图,朗读诗句。
指名描述意境。
指导朗读、背诵。
1、师范读
2、评读,指点停顿方法和重音。
以赞美的语气来读。
1、生听读。
2、自由练读。
指名读、背。
指导生字练写生字。
作业:想象《望洞庭》这首诗描绘的意境,并写下来。
最新望洞庭教案大班 望洞庭教案逐字稿(28篇)
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