最新搭石教学反思徐玉莹
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范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,欢迎大家分享阅读。
在部编教材中,《搭石》是阅读策略单元的一篇课文,所以这一课在讲解的时候就要紧扣阅读方法的指导,而小学阶段的阅读策略单元训练的方法指向都有什么呢?我把整套书的阅读策略单元梳理在了一起,分别有,三上预测单元;四上提问题;五上,提高阅读速度;六上,根据不同的阅读目的,选择恰当阅读方法。整套书,12册教材在阅读上的训练点的设计上,遵循循序渐进的原则。那本课在设计上就应该有所提现。
本单元的单元篇章页是这样安排的,人文主题——阅读要有一定的速度,语文要素——
1、学习提高阅读速度的方法;
2、结合具体事例写出人物的特点。本课的课前导读语,用较快的速度默读课文,读的时候集中注意力,不要回读,了解课文的主要内容,记下所用的时间,完成课后练习。课后又设置了这样的问题,
1、本文共600余字,我的阅读时间约____分钟。
2、说说课文给你留下印象最深的画面是什么,从哪些语句中可以体会到乡亲们的美好情感。
所以在第一课时的设计应该抓住提高阅读速度这一重点进行设计,而对于生字词要讲,要放在用较快速度阅读完讲解,第一课时安排了这样的内容,
1、用较快速度默读课文,记下时间。这一环节,一定要有秒表,让孩子自己对阅读时间有一个准确的把握,孩子记录完成后,要根据要求,及时给予指导,五年级孩子,默读要有一定速度,默读一般读物,每300字时间一分钟左右,600字的话要实现2分钟左右才是最好,对于那些阅读速度慢的同学要指出问题,以及今后努力的方向。
2、才是生字词的掌握,也就是对于阅读策略单元要有所转变,不可一成不变,要懂得变通。
而第二课时则会主要讲解,描绘的画面以及留下深刻印象的语句。
部编教材的特殊单元,重在强调方法,在教学过程中要不断的渗透相应方法才行!
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《搭石》是四年级上册第六组教材中的一篇精读课文。本单元的主题是“人与人之间纯真的爱”。选编本课的意图一是让学生从乡亲们摆搭石、走搭石的一幕幕情景中,体会到其中的人性美;二是学习作者从不起眼的事物中发现美、感受美。
文本教学,捕捉画面,品读文美
抓住“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景。”这一主题,在学生自读自悟的基础上,引导学生体悟老人摆搭石,摆出了助人美;一行人走在搭石上,走出了音乐美,画面美;两个人面对面地走搭石含着的谦让美;“青年人”和“老人”走搭石所体现的敬老美,同样都是家乡的一道风景。让学生在感知美、体会美、欣赏美、感受美、发现美的过程中,感悟到风景的自然之美,感悟到人景合一的和谐之美,感悟到朴实的为人之美。
如上了年纪的人摆搭石的场面,通过学生想象老人发现不平稳的石头到放平稳,再踏上几个来回,直到满意才离开这个过程,他会想什么,做什么,体会他认真负责,为他人着想的美好品质。又如年轻人背老人过河,通过理解“理所当然”,引导学生想象“假如还有哪些人来走搭石,家乡人会怎样做的”,进行语言文字训练,来体现出他们尊老爱幼的传统美德。让学生通过这些画面的体会,自然地感受到搭石构成了家乡的一道风景时,学习最后一段,使学生进一步感受搭石默默无闻的美,以及乡亲们无私奉献的美,情感又进一步得到升华。
在这节的教学中,我感觉自己在课堂教学中还存在以下不足:
1、教学总结的语言过多,随机处理问题的灵活性不够。
2、在课堂上,个别地方没有落地,如:批注感受的时候,学生只画了相关语句但没有写出感受,在讲“谦让美”这部分时,学生在表演走搭石时,动作不规范,没有引导学生明白走搭石的方法。
在今后的教学中,我将扬长避短,不断努力,不断反思,争取进步。
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今天讲21课《搭石》,刘章的作品,是他有感于在城市中生活,看到人们挤公交车的粗鲁和狼狈,不由得怀念家乡的搭石,怀念家乡的小溪,怀念乡亲们互帮互助的恬静生活,有感而发,遂成文字。
早上起床,自己先把课文美美地读了两遍,一条清清的小溪便在眼前展开画卷。看,溪流清澈,两岸绿树成荫,鲜花遍地,五六个村子散落在小溪两岸,如世外桃源一般。乡里乡亲们到河对岸走亲戚串门抑或赶集访友,会脱鞋挽裤,趟着清清的河水过去。入秋转凉,人们便自觉在溪道中放好搭石,保证出行畅通。你看,人们上工、下工,一行人走在搭石上,前脚搭着后脚,协调有序,脚下的踏踏声不绝于耳,好像为劳累一天的乡亲们送去舒缓的圆舞曲。大家一边拉着家常一边过溪,清波漾漾,人影绰绰,好一幅美丽的乡村晚景。
短短的一篇小文,用质朴的语言描绘出一幅意境隽永的画面,字里行间洋溢的浓郁的生活气息让我们身临其境。
话搭石、摆搭石、走搭石、赞搭石,看得见的美和看不见的美都震撼着我们的心灵。乡亲们相亲相爱、默默奉献、时刻为他人着想的人性美强烈地感染者我们。
孩子们怀着浓厚的兴趣感受着乡亲们之间质朴纯真的情感,都能有自己的体验。
一个孩子提问了:“老师,课文里写的到底是小河还是小溪?为什么有时说河,有时说溪?比如:如果有两个人面对面同时走到溪边,总会在第一块搭石前止步,招手示意,让对方先走,等对方过了河,俩人再说上几句家常话,才相背而行。”我笑了,小家伙儿们现在读书越来越细致认真了,连这些字眼儿也抠上了。
“河是由溪汇流而成的,但是两者的界限也不会太分明,有时溪和河可以通用。当溪流比较宽,溪水又比较多时,也可以叫小河,比如课文里描写的这条小溪也可以叫小河。溪水一般是清澈见底的,河水比较深,一般不见底。水流很多又很深时就不能叫溪了。比如,宽阔的黄河就不能叫黄溪。”
我这样解释。孩子们满意地点点头,接受了。
第二个问题又来了:“老师,为什么摆搭石的人是‘上了点年纪’的人?为什么不是年轻人或者特别老的?”
“大家动动脑子想一想。”
沉思了片刻:“是不是年轻人等着走路,顾不上?”孩子们是现代人的思维——什么时候年轻人都是忙忙碌碌的。
“不一定。”
“老人搬不动搭石了。”这个有道理。
“小孩儿也搬不动。”对头!
为什么偏偏是‘上了点年纪’的人?秘密在哪里?
孩子们经过自己讨论、争辩,明白了:上了点年纪的人摆搭石有经验,比如能一眼看出哪块石头合适,比如能一下子就放到合适的位置上。而年轻人没经验,老年人搬不动。
我提示让孩子们从这句话体会作者遣词造句的精准性。
第三个问题是我的。当孩子们读完“假如遇上老人来走搭石,年轻人总要伏下身子背老人过去,人们把这看作理所当然的事。”说这是“尊老敬老”之美(跟上面的摆搭石的“为别人着想之美”和过河时的“谦让之美”交相辉映)。
我对这个答案不满意。
“这个词没有完全概括出乡亲们的人性之美。”
那该是什么呢?孩子们眼中一片迷茫,不是尊老敬老又是什么?
我提示:“不是说得不对,是说得不全面。”
……
我又提示:“那假如是一个孩子过河呢?人们会怎么做?把孩子这个词换进去读一读。”
“假如遇上孩子们来走搭石,年轻人总要伏下身子背孩子过去,人们把这看作理所当然的事。”孩子们大声读。
“假如是一个残疾人过河呢?”
“假如遇上残疾人来走搭石,年轻人总要伏下身子背残疾人过去,人们把这看作理所当然的事。”声音更高了。
“假如是一个病人过河呢?”
“假如遇上病人来走搭石,年轻人总要伏下身子背病人过去,人们把这看作理所当然的事。”
孩子们读得声音更亮了,并且开始嚷嚷:“老师,我知道了,是尊老爱幼之美!”
“是帮助别人之美!”
“是助人为乐之美!”
“是相亲相爱之美!”
最后我们选取了相亲相爱之美。至此,孩子们已经把握住了文章的灵魂。而这一咏三叹,在反复读中体会文章的含义,让我的课堂似乎也有了于永正老师的某些影子。
真高兴!为自己,也为孩子们。
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《搭石》是人教课标版实验教材四年级上册的一篇精读课文,语言质朴,意境幽美,感情真挚,作者摄取了农村生活中几个平凡的镜头,却向我们展示了一幅又一幅美丽而感人的画卷。全文以小见大,平中见奇,是借普普通通的搭石来赞扬淳朴的乡亲人们默默无闻、无私奉献的人性美。我执教的是《搭石》的第二课时,重点学习课文3—5自然段,主要是引领学生品味由“搭石”引发的感人的场景来感受乡亲人们无私奉献、一心为他人着想的人性美和让学生体会作者是怎样透过平凡的事物来让我们感受到美的,并让学生学习这种从不起眼的事物中发现美、感受美的写法,学以致用,课后尝试着去寻找平凡事物中的“美”,写写平凡事物中的“美”。
对于本节课,我自己比较满意的地方主要有以下几个方面:
一.教学思路清晰、环环相扣,重点突出。唐老师以前说过“语文教学中要处理好点、线、面、体的关系”,在本节课的教学上,我能比较好地踩好“点”,紧紧抓住“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景”这个中心点展开教学,每个部分分别体现的“和谐美”、“谦让美”、“敬老美”又连成一条“线”,而且这条“线”又紧扣“点”,在感受每个场景所体现的“美”时都点出这种“美”也“构成了家乡的一道风景”。“一行人走搭石”、“两个人应对面走搭石”和“年轻人和老人走搭石”的情景构成了文章的“面”,向我们展现了三幅美丽感人的画面。然而语文教学讲究一个整体感,把每一个部分分割开来理解就缺失了一种整体美,那样语文教学就缺乏了一种语文味,所以说在教学当中要构成一个“体”。在本课教学中,我把这“点”、“线”、“面”结合起来,让它们构成“体”,即由“搭石”引发的感人的场景来体会“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景”,来感受乡亲人们默默无闻、无私奉献的人性美。在教学中,我重点放在第三自然段“一行人走搭石”这一部分,这一部分又透过重点品味语句“每当上工、下工……给人画一般的美感”来感受走搭石画面的美。
二.抓字、词、句品析文章,体悟感情。语文学习离不开语言文字的训练,离不开对字词句的品味,因此在教学中抓住字、词、句、段来领略、感悟、鉴赏文章十分的重要和必要,这样能够让学生了解课文相关的资料、相关的文化,从而体悟到文章所传达的思想感情。在第三自然段的教学当中,我主要引导学生抓住“协调有序”“清波漾漾”“人影绰绰”这三个词语来品味,透过多种方式的朗读,还有边读边想象的方法来感受画面美。在品析“协调有序”这个词时,我先让学生从字面上来理解,让引导学生找出相关的语句,联系上下文来理解,并透过师生合作演读“走搭石”的情景(前面的……后面的……前面的……后面的……)来深刻体会到“协调有序”的意思,更体会到一种“和谐美”。在体会“清波漾漾”和“人影绰绰”这两个词语时,我让学生闭上眼睛想象画面,再描述出自己所想象到的画面,透过这种方式来理解词语意思,并感受到一种画面美。而在体会“敬老美”时,我主要引导学生抓住了“伏”字来体会,在教学中我用图片向学生展示了“伏”字从甲骨文到楷书的字理变化过程,简介了“伏”字的文化背景,还透过学生演示“伏”的动作,师生合作表演年轻人俯身背老人的动作的方式来让学生更体会到乡亲人们敬老的淳朴民风。
三.注重读写的结合。在语文教学中要有让学生充分地读,在读中体验,在读中感悟,在读中体会语言的美、语文的美。在本课的教学中,我采取了多种方式的阅读,有默读、齐读、个别读、引读、合作读等,其中在品味语句“每当上工、下工……给人画一般的美感”时,除了齐读、个别读之外,我还进行了引读、合作读,并把这句改为小诗让学生朗读,推荐学生美读,从而感受语言美、画面美。在课堂上,我还设计了小练笔的环节“假如遇上_______来走搭石,__________________,人们把这看成是理所当然的事”,让学生充分发挥想象,先说说还会遇到什么样的人来走搭石,再来写写假如遇到这些人来走搭石,人们会怎样做;课后还安排了小作文:寻找平凡事物中的“美”,写写平凡事物中的“美”,这样既能训练学生的思维,又能加深学生对文本情感的体悟。
一.作为一位新老师,经验不足,第一次上公开课,情绪有点紧张,导致有时思路混乱,时间把握不准,越到后半节课,我不停地看表,老担心自己这节课的教学任务无法完成,后面的小练笔和体会文章最后一段、点写法这两个环节就进行得有些匆促了,结果教学任务完成了还差三四分钟才下课,只有让学生读课文,显得有些狼狈,这点是我在今后的教学中需要注意的。还有就是我的教学机智不够灵活,在课堂上学生对问题的理解和回答有时会超出老师的设想,这时学生的问题有时会让我不明白该怎样样去解释和引导,对他们所回答的“不合心意”时不懂如何把他们引回来,对于学生的回答,我也不大会评价,评价语显得比较呆板。
二.在课堂上对学生的关注还不够,没有给机会让学生自己调整、自己提高。例如在本课教学,在让学生体会“清波漾漾”和“人影绰绰”这两个词语时,我让他们想象画面并描述出来,但有些学生表述不出来,或表述得不够准确,这就说明学生还没完全理解这两个词语的意思,没体会到那种情感,也就想象不出那种画面。当时,我见学生表达不出,我就直接说出了我的理解,没有引导学生再来好好体会这两个词语,并让他们读上几遍。还有就是在把语句“每当上工、下工……给人画一般的美感”换成小诗时,我先让学生自由读,之后让学生推荐一位朗诵比较好的同学来朗读,最后没有让全班一齐来齐读,也没给时间学生自己读,这样没有让学生进行自己调整、自己提高。以后在教学中,我要注意“课堂要给学生自己调整、自己提高的机会”。
三.在体悟文章中心思想时,学生感受不深刻。学生对课文最后一句话“一排排搭石,任人走,任人踏,它们联结着故乡的小路,联结着乡亲们完美的情感”的理解还不到位,这句话含义深刻,在教学设计时,我思考到四年级的孩子理解这句话比较难,我就采取了老师直接说出文章主旨的方法“借普普通通的搭石来赞扬淳朴的乡亲人们默默无闻、无私奉献的人性美”而一句带过,没有让学生结合全文来体会这句话的含义,结果导致他们对中心思想体会不深。
四.朗读指导需要加强。作为老师要指导好学生的朗读,自己务必能朗读潜力强,如果老师的朗读得好,能够带动学生的情绪,让学生更能体会到文章的情感,而我在这点最为欠缺,以后我在朗读、朗诵方面需要多下苦功。
总之,作为新老师,我还务必不断地向优秀的老师学习,积累经验,不断提高自己的教学水平,把语文课上好。
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������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¡ï¿½
《搭石》这一课为我们展现了一幅幅生动的画面映入眼帘:秋凉在即,人们精心挑选石头摆放在小溪中,几番精心踩踏;急着赶路的老人,发现搭石不稳,及时调整才肯离去;一行人走搭石,动作协调有序,声音踏踏,清波漾漾,人影绰绰,充满了诗情画意;两个人面对面过小溪,招手礼让,闲话家常;偶遇老人,蹲身下伏,背负过溪……
根据本文特点,结合新的课程理念,本课在教学时我注重以人为本,以读为本。采取情境体验式教学法,引导学生紧紧抓住“搭石,构成家乡的一道风景。”教学中我主要以下方面展开教学:
发现感受文中的美
文中有看得见的具体的“美”,也有看不见的心灵的“美”:
急着赶路的老人,发现搭石不稳,及时调整,满意才肯离去;——为他人着想,
行人走搭石,动作协调有致,声音踏踏,清波漾漾,人影绰绰,充满了诗情画意;——和谐美、自然美;
如果两个人同时过溪,招手礼让,闲话家常;——谦让美
要是谁偶遇老人,蹲身下伏,背负过溪;——尊老美
心灵美、友善美、自然美、团结美、善良美、奉献美……
美是永恒的主题,教学时采用自读时想象画面、自悟时体会情味、交流时畅所欲言的教学思路。学生们自读、自悟,在寻找美,欣赏美的同时,感悟自然的美,感悟和谐的美,感悟平凡的美!
通过指导朗读让学生理解文本,感悟文本。
在教学中,尽管我课前精心备课,努力挖掘教材。但是,整堂课上了下来后,也留下了很多的遗憾:
1、细节上有些地方不注意,比如上课铃声响起,我着急开始上课,开头的话混杂着铃声,学生听不清楚。
2、在指导朗读课题时,自己没有起到良好的示范作用,第一遍齐读课题和第二遍美美的读课题,效果一样,没有读出美来。
3、新课程标准要求注重学生学习的自主性,教学中,我总是一味地牵着学生学习,大胆放手让学生学习方面做得很不够。
4、板书设计也有所欠缺。设计板书时只注重了简洁,对“家乡的一道风景”之后的感叹号没有在板书中凸显出来。如果能将这一点表现出来,会更好地突破重难点。
5、在教师评价语方面,自己有要适时运用的意识,但是有时候用的不十分恰当和准确,自己以后要注意。
6、本课教学中忽视了写作方法的指导,没有为“学生写生活中的美”做好铺垫。
其实,教学中暴露出得问题还有很多很多。这些都充分说明自己的教学能力、教学技巧、教学机智、把握教材处理教材、组织教学等方面的能力十分欠缺。在今后教学中,我要更加努力学习,总结与反思,使自己取得更大的进步。
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《搭石》是一篇乡土气息浓厚的文章,课文通过质朴感性的笔触把我们带入乡间人们秋凉摆搭石、路人修搭石、人们协调有序走搭石、相互谦让走搭石、年轻人背老人过搭石的一幕幕如画的风景图,体现了乡亲们无私奉献的精神和一心为他人着想的人性美。为了突破这个重难点,在教学设计中我引导学生围绕“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景。”这一中心句,抓住“老人摆搭石、行人走搭石,面对面相互谦让走搭石,年轻人背老人过搭石”四个画面,来逐步体会。
在教学第二自然段老人摆搭石时,我引导学生们体会“无论……只要……一定……”这几个词语时,从中体会老人是为他人着想时,学生一时找不出来,我引导学生运用去掉词语的方法让学生体会,从中学生就很快的就找到了其余的词语了。从而让学生体会到老人的心灵美,然后又回到中心句“搭石构成了家乡的一道风景”理解了人性美。
在教学第三自然段一行人走搭石时,我引导学生抓住前面的——抬起脚来;后面的——紧跟上去;也就是我抬起脚来,你——跟上去,你抬起脚来,他——跟上去,声音——踏踏的,像轻快的——音乐。这句联系上下文来理解“协调有序”这个词语,再利用多媒体展示“清波漾漾,人影绰绰”人们走搭石的情景,让学生更形象的体会那画一般的美景,然后采用师生接读的方法去感悟美。
学习“两人面对面”“年轻人背老人”过搭石的情景时,我先让学生想象,当两个相对而行时,他们会怎么做,如果不这么做会有什么后果?体会谦让,是我们中华民族的美德。而最后又抓住“理所当然”一词,引导学生体会人们把这看成是理所当然的事“这”指的是尊敬老人的美好品质。
总之,在这节课上,我采用了补白、想象、朗读感悟,多媒体课件展示几种不同形式,有详有略地带领学生逐层深入领悟到家乡人们纯真、质朴的美好心灵。正因为形式多样,也给了学生更宽广的自由发挥的空间,于是在课堂上学生才表现得生龙活虎。这也提醒了我在今后的备课中,一定要把备学生提在一个重要的位置上。只有明确了学生的心理。我们才能更准确地把握,俗语说的“知己知彼,百战百胜”就是这个道理。
当然,这节课也有许多的不足之处,如:在如何引导学生方面做得不够细致,不能马上捕捉学生的闪光点进行适时的反馈,课堂评价语言不够棒。针对这些不足,今后我要在教学中不断地磨练,加强。
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《搭石》一课,语言质朴,意境秀美,字里行间洋溢着浓郁的生活气息。刘章爷爷通过平凡的搭石,把乡亲们无私奉献的精神和一心为他人着想的心灵美在字里行间表达得淋漓尽致。
在第一课时的教学中,我已经引导学生了解什么是搭石,并能用自己的话来说一说。以学生的自读自悟为基础,理清了文章的基本结构。然后用小标题的形式知道文章围绕搭石只要讲了哪几件事。在大家自学的基础上得出:精心摆放搭石、协调有序走搭石、谦让有礼过搭石和背老人过搭石。
本节课的导学设计,主要是围绕“读、勾、品、写”这种阅读方法,引导学生自主寻美、品美,合作寻美、悟美,展学、话美。抓住重点词句品味语言文字的美和文字所表达的人文美,并通过不同的朗读方式读出那种美,从而达到对美的通感和对人们行为的思考和认同。
在简单的回顾《搭石》的主要内容后,从学生的角度总结出阅读方法,即“读、勾、品、写”让学生带着这种阅读方法自主寻美、品美,然后出示自主学习提示,让孩子目的明确,可操作性强。
通过理解“协调有序、清波漾漾、人影绰绰”等关键词,联系上下文,想象画面,体会语言文字的美,从而锻炼学生的语言感知能力和表达能力。体会“和谐美”,伴着优美的音乐通过自己的朗读加深这种美的感受,达到美的共鸣。
在互学寻美、悟美时,引导学生从“精心摆放搭石、谦让有礼过搭石和背老人过搭石”中去合作寻美,带上之前学的“读、勾、品、写”阅读方法,再次加深阅读方法的渗透和巩固,让孩子学以致用。并且知道勾关键词语,了解这些关键词不仅是形容词,还有可能是关联词、动词、连接词。通过这些关键词品悟作者字里行间表达的情感,体会“奉献美”“谦让美”和“敬老美”。并能把自己感受到的美读出来。
在展学时,锻炼孩子的口语表达能力,展示和合作学习的成果,台下的孩子给予相应的补充或者提出合理的意见,非常锻炼孩子的个人能力和团结协作精神。
课外拓展,巩固阅读方法,问孩子:在你的生活中见过这种美吗?从而让孩子不仅学习文中人们的美,还要善于发现身边的美,有一双善于发现的眼睛。通过思维的碰撞,知道:一排排搭石,也许会随着经济的发展慢慢消失,但人人为我,我为人人的这些美德,乡亲们淳朴善良的美德,将会作为一笔宝贵的财富,一直延续给自己的子孙后代!从而自己成为一个创造美的人!
教学永远是一项充满遗憾的艺术。虽然在预设时考虑周全,提前试讲了四次,自己演习试讲了十几次,但在实施过程也存在许多不足,主要是以下几个方面:
1、教师重复孩子的话比较多,语言不够精炼;
2、不敢放手,教师点拨不够精炼;
3、语言文字的美,通过读悟,使学生能自然而然的感受;由于担心把我不到,在设计时,没能放手让孩子在全篇课文中通读寻美,指定段落寻美有局限性。
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很幸运成为我们群组课例打磨的执教者,幸运与压力并存。在这次打磨中我们学会了用事实说话,用理论导行,反反复复的制定教学目标、一次次地写教学设计、一次次地试课、一遍遍地修改……在一次次地研讨中,老师们集思广益,智慧碰撞,而我就在这一次次的研讨交流中,不断反思,提升自我。经历了七八个不眠的夜晚,终于如释重负了,回顾走过的磨课之路,迷茫与顿悟交织,心中更多的是感动,感动于我们这个团结向上的团队,想说的话真的很多很多……最想说的是:“磨课”让我明确了语文教学的方向。
在专家的引领下,知道“转身”是必须的,怎么转心里也模模糊糊知道一点,可是真的要落实到行动上,真的有点茫然。走惯了“情感线路”一下子真的无所适从了。反反复复,修修改改,放不下这个,丢不下那个,找不准教学中心点,思路一直在繁琐中徘徊。在群组成员的帮助下,我明白了教学一篇课文,先不要忙着怎么设计教学环节,而是要制定恰当的教学目标;明白了语文教学教的是课程,课文只是为课程服务的一个个例子。特别是教学目标的制定,一定要做到三者结合:一是吃透课程标准中的学段目标;二是认真熟悉并解读教材;三是要考虑学生现有学习水平。制定出的学习目标要小而实,具有可操作性。
(一)教学目标的自我评价
本节课预设的教学目标是:
1、认识本课7个生字,正确认读“山洪暴发、间隔、懒惰、俗语、平衡、清波漾漾、理所当然、联结”等词语。联系上下文,想象画面理解“协调有序、清波漾漾、人影绰绰”等词语。
2、抓重点词句,边读边想象画面,创设情境、联系生活体验体会乡亲们纯朴、一心为他人着想的美好品德,体会搭石蕴含的美,从中受到熏陶。
3、正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文第三自然段“每当上工、下工、一行人走搭石的时候,动作是那么协调有序……给人画一般的美感。”
4、学习留心观察,一边想一边写,抓住人物动作,描写印象深刻的场景。
本节课,我觉得预设的教学目标中第2、3、4个目标基本实现了。我引导学生抓重点词句,想象画面,学生们想得很美,很丰富,好多内容非常符合实际,大大超越了我的预想。比如有的学生说:“我看到了走搭石的人们有说有笑。”有的学生说:“我听到了人们在走搭石的时候哼着小曲。”还有的说:“我看到干完活得人们下工走在搭石上,嘻嘻笑笑的还说:“今晚上到我家喝酒。”读的目标也完成的较好,学生们入情入境地朗读,很是用心用情。写的目标就是要求学生用上几个动作,写两三句就可以。学生们用上了“伏、拍了拍、抬、扶、拉、走……”等动词,还有好多学生用上了课文里的句子,活学活用。
第一个目标中“协调有序”理解不到位。
(二)教学流程的自我评价
本节课共分五个流程:直接导入、检查预习(3分钟);整体感知,了解文章主要内容;(6分钟)深入理解搭石之美;(18分钟)习作练习;(10分钟)总结全文回顾方法。(3分钟)回顾整个教学流程,我觉得用时还算合理吧,理解搭石之美和习作练习用时最多,一个是为了完成读的训练目标,一个是为了完成写的训练目标。概括课文主要内容也是中年级训练的重点,这一环节用时也比较多。这三个环节都注重了方法的引领,教给学生方法是为了让学生更好地学习语文,提高语文学习的能力,不管效果如何,教学行为的转变是很明显的。
磨课最大的收获就是理念和教学行为的转变。回顾自己的课堂有很多不尽人意的地方,需要改进的地方很多,我最明显的感觉就是教学节奏有点拖沓,以致浪费了时间;好多学生的积极性很高,举手好几次,特别是前两排的学生,因为我走到了学生中间,忽视了这些学生,挫伤了他们的积极性,今后应该注意,关注这些老师视线盲区里的学生。对课文的教学流程设计,缺少了质疑环节,当初考虑的是这篇文章,文字质朴,平实,没有艰涩难读的词语句子,疏忽了这一环节,关键不在于学生提什么样的问题,关键是质疑意识和能力的培养。今后的教学中一定要注意,培养孩子的质疑习惯和质疑的能力。
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《搭石》一文语言质朴,意境秀美,字里行间洋溢着浓郁的生活气息。乡亲们无私奉献的精神和一心为他人着想的传统美德如“搭石”一般于默默无闻中凸现。本节课要让学生从乡亲们“摆”搭石、“走”搭石和“让”搭石的一幕幕情景中,体会到其中的人性美,感受乡亲们纯朴、美好的情感,体会人与人之间互相关爱带来的温暖和快乐,并使学生从平凡的事物中发现美。第一次执教四年级第七册的语文,对我来说就是一个挑战,而这节公开课让我收获了很多。回顾整个教学过程,从以下几个方面谈谈自己的感受:
1、首先,目标明确,每个环节的教学目的性较强。我紧紧围绕“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景。”这句话贯穿整个教学过程,在学生充分感知的情况下,注重学生听、说、读、写的训练。在课堂中,引导学生抓住重点字词深入理解课文内容,大大提高了教学效率。并通过多种方式地读,让学生充分接触文本,与文本对话。例如学生寻找自己最感动的词,出示“踏”,并用动作演示表达自己的感悟。再比如,学生上来画搭石,其他学生评议,对“搭石”有了形象的理解,为接下来的理解课文奠定了基础,充分利用了学生自主探究、合作交流的学习方式,激发了学生的积极性。
2、以“美”为切入点,创设情境,读中感悟。
伴着音乐创设情境,带着学生走进了小村庄,开始感受“搭石”,品读“搭石”,寻找美的画面。在教学中,我重视学生的朗读,如在学习“协调有序”一词时,我运用想像,让学生置身其中的方法领读课文,开火车让学生读“前面的抬起脚来,后面的紧跟上去”,让学生充分地感知文字中所描写的画面。又如:把课文其中一段内容变成一首小诗,让一个学生配乐示范读,再让全班读。让学生在浓浓的“美”中练习有感情地朗读课文,积累优美句子。
但是,在教学中也有许多不足之处,促使着自己以后在教学中要多学习、多思考:
1、教师的教学语言节奏较快,让学生听不清楚或跟不上老师的思路。
2、教学机智还需培养。在课堂上,我注重重点词句品味,但是没有充分发挥学生的主体地位,没有让学生通过对重点词语(如“人影绰绰、理所当然”)不理解的基础上,充分发动学生评议、补充再总结的方式,因此错失让学生在自身的基础上得到提高的机会
3、对学生的学习情况没有进行个别的反馈,而是通过整体地检查、整体地过关。
4、在过渡语上还不够连贯。
5、最后一个环节“让学生写写生活中的美”,花费的时间较多,导致最后学生反馈的时间不够。如果能在这个环节换成“说一说在生活中发现的美”,将更多的时间交给学生,作业再布置“写一写”效果会更好一些,做到课堂说一说,课后写一写。
在今后的教学中,我将扬长避短,不断努力,不断反思,争取进步。
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《搭石》是五年级上册第二单元的第一篇文章,这一单元是教学策略单元,要教给学生一些快速阅读的方法,要提高学生的阅读速度。
第一课时中,主要是提供方法,训练速度。
这一课落实的主要方法是“不回读”,学生在阅读得过程中做到不理解的词语、不懂的地方等,不能停下来,也不要回过头去重新读,而是继续往前走,可以跳过不懂的地方。同时,在读的时候,要注意力集中,不仅要提高速度,还要知道课文的主要内容。
在教学中,我明确提出了不回读的要求,并且通过希沃给学生提供计时器,让他们读完后,在题目旁边记下所用的时间。
所有学生读完之后,进行检测。我提了两个问题,一是“读完后,你知道这篇课文主要讲了什么吗?”这是针对课文内容的检测;二是“什么是紧走搭石慢过桥?”这是针对课文中语句的检测,主要是检测学生阅读时对局部的关注。通过检测,大部分学生对课文内容以及课文中的一些细节是了解的。这说明,快速阅读是有一定的质量的。
在方法指导这一环节,有一个特别明显的不足,那就是没有组织学生交流自己是怎样提高阅读速度的。默读结束后应该找组织学生交流自己提高阅读速度的方法,将大家的方法梳理总结提炼,这样同学们可以学到更多的方法。然后再对课文内容进行检测和交流。
第二课时主要是深入学习课文,通过“搭石”体会乡亲们美好的品质和情感
在第一课时,已经给课文划分好了部分,第二课时聚焦第二部分(2——4自然段),通过“摆搭石”、“走搭石”、“互相礼让和帮助”这三个画面的交流,体会乡亲们之间的情感和他们的美好品质。以四人小组合作交流的形式进行,最后展示汇报。汇报的两个小组,只注重交流人物品质和他们之间的情感,并没有交流自己看到的画面,而且一些同学并不能抓住关键语句来说自己的体会,只会读课文或者个号课文换一种说法。所以,在学生的表达、规范表达这方面还要常抓常练。
最后,我们理解了课文中的两句话“搭石,构成了家乡得一道风景。”“一排排搭石,任人走,任人踏,它们联结着故乡的小路,也联结着乡亲们美好的情感。”同样,孩子们的分享并没有达到我的预期效果,因为一些孩子还是跟第二部分的学习一样,停留在在局部抓关键词表达看到的阶段,很片面,并没有全盘考虑、统考全文。这不能怪孩子们,是老师的设计、组织、提问除了问题。
应该在学习第二部分之前,就将这两句话就拎出来,提出问题,然后带着问题学习;在最后的交流时,应该明确要求学生联系全文。今后,联系全文,概括总结的能力也要加强训练。
总的来说,大多数孩子还是进步了的,这一点令人欣慰。
这节课自己犯了一个不该犯的错误,那就是大声斥责了一些孩子,他们不认真听讲不积极思考,更可气的是不知道做笔记,我每节课都告诉他们,要一边听讲一边做笔记,尤其是交流环节,自己没有找出的句子没有圈出的关键词,在其他人交流时或者老师补充时,自己也要在书上补充……可是,整篇课文学完了,一些孩子的书上一片空白,跟上课前没有什么两样,我气,不断克制,最后还是爆发,怒其不争。现在反思,终究还是自己不对,对于一些学生不好的学习习惯,作为老师该耐心引导,要想方设法让他们改正,一味地斥责只会将孩子越推越远,他们可能更不会按照老师的要求去做。“亲其师则信其道”,严慈相济,微笑以待,真诚坦率,尊重孩子,将课上得风趣幽默有意思,把他们所有人的心牢牢抓住,何愁他们改不掉坏习惯呢!
《搭石》这一课为我们展现了一幅幅生动的画面映入眼帘:秋凉在即,人们精心挑选石头摆放在小溪中,几番精心踩踏;急着赶路的老人,发现搭石不稳,及时调整才肯离去;一行人走搭石,动作协调有序,声音踏踏,清波漾漾,人影绰绰,充满了诗情画意;两个人面对面过小溪,招手礼让,闲话家常;偶遇老人,蹲身下伏,背负过溪……
根据本文特点,结合新的课程理念,本课在教学时我注重以人为本,以读为本。采取情境体验式教学法,引导学生紧紧抓住“搭石,构成家乡的一道风景。”来理解。
1、落实大语文观。抓住“搭石,构成了家乡的一道风景”这句中心句,让学生重点体会三幅感人画面,去层层深入地阅读文本,进行感悟。
2、扎实落实字词教学。引导学生把生字放在词中认,放在句子中读,引导学生采用了多种方法理解词义。
3、注重激发兴趣。导入中,采用了创设情境法,把学生带到了作者的家乡。而在理解“协调有序”的时候,学生模拟走搭石,“身临其境”的体会。
4、多媒体教学行之有效。城市学生对搭石并不熟悉,只能想象,所以,教师出示课件,有利于学生直观理解,特别是有利于教学中“情感态度价值观”这一目标的落实。高效课堂得以体现。
静心思索,感觉课堂中存在以下不足:
1、对于上了点年岁的人是如何搭石的,学生的想象还不够丰富,体会得还不够深刻。
2、虽然教学中注重了感情朗读的指导,但是学生的朗读效果、朗读的层次感并没有达到很好的效果,在朗读指导方法上自己还缺少一些有效地方法。
3、本课教学在写作方法的指导上,没有为学生写“实际生活中的美”做好铺垫。
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《搭石》是人教版语文《课标》教材四年级上册的一篇精读课文,本组教材的主题是──人与人之间纯真的爱。紧扣这一主题,这组教材编排了三篇精读课文、两篇略读课文和一个语文园地。《古诗两首》表现了朋友间真挚的爱,《搭石》体现了乡亲们纯朴的爱,《跨越海峡的生命桥》展现了爱的奇迹,《卡罗纳》诠释了爱的真谛,《给予是快乐的》阐述了爱的哲理。我所执教的是《搭石》的第一课时。重点是感受乡亲们默默无闻、无私奉献的精神,并从中受到感染、熏陶。难点是体会作者是怎样通过平凡的小事让我们感受到美的。课后静心反思,感触颇多。现将本节课教学反思如下:
在教学预设时,我着重从以下几方面下工夫:
首先,着眼于全面提高学生的语文素养,注重学生的听、说、读、写的训练。在课堂中,通过多种方式的读,让学生充分接触文本,与文本对话,与作者对话,通过自由的朗读,思考、勾画,深入理解课文内容,通过有感情的朗读,体会文章的思想感情。
教师通过创设情境,让学生成为文章中的角色,真正感受到家乡人走搭石的美,家乡人的淳朴善良,从而受到美的熏陶.
其次,在教学中我注重传授学习方法,让学生掌握学习规律。在词句教学时,我不光引导学生了解意思,还提示理解方法,如把词语放到句子中理解,联系上下文理解词语等,以培养学生自学能力。再次,努力做到工具性和人文性的和谐统一。追求三维目标(知识和能力,过程和方法,情感态度和价值观)的达成。在对学生进行听说读写基本功综合训练的同时,我注重对学生关爱他人美好情感的熏陶和正确的情感态度和价值观的引导。比如在朗读中潜移默化,在过渡语、小结语、激情语中渗透。从而让学生感受到:勤劳是美、助人是美、谦让是美、和谐是美、美就在我们的心里,只要我们奉献了爱,我们的生活就充满了美。
教学永远是一项遗憾的劳动,虽然预设时考虑比较周全,但是真正教学时未必达到预期效果。静心思索,感觉课堂中存在以下不足:借班上课,对学情了解不是十分清楚,因而不能兼顾优等生和学习能力较差的学生,造成对学习有困难的学生有忽视的现象。
新课改的探究之路还很长,如何真正落实新课改的思想,是我今后教学思考和实验的主旋律。
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