就……而论、照……来看;考虑到,既可用作介词,又可用作连词。例:i hear he is more than 70, but he is still very
倘若……;在……的条件下,用作连词,引导条件状语从句,但从句不用虚拟语气。例:
we'll visit europe next year, provided / providing ( that ) we have the money.
如果我们有这笔钱,我们明年将去欧洲游览。
i shall go provided / providing ( that ) it does not rain.
倘若天不下雨,我就去。
假如、假定用作连词,引导条件状语从句,从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。例:
supposing / suppose ( that ) the weather were bad, where would you go?
假如天气不好,你去什么地方?
supposing / suppose ( that ) she doesn't come, what should we do?
假如她不来我们该怎么办?
supposing 可用在一个简单句中,相当于 what would / will happen if … / what does it matter if …例:
supposing i don't see her. ( = what will happen if i don't see her? )
假如我见不到她,那该怎么办?
suppose 意为假定;万一;倘若;不妨;何不。例:
( let us ) suppose ( that ) his statement is right.
假定他的陈述是正确的。
根据…… / 按照……,用作连词。例:
according to my watch, it's 4 o'clock.
按照我表上的时间,现在是 4 点钟。
you may go or stay, according as you decide.
去还是留,由你来决定。
you may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
根据工作好坏你将会受到奖惩。
according to 与 according by 的区别在于:
( 1 ) according by 不可与表示人的名词或代词连用; according to 可与表示人的名词或代词连用。
( 2 ) according to 只能表示来自他处的信息,而不能表示来自说话者本身的`信息。
例:
according to (不能用 by ) my clock, it is 12 o'clock.
根据我表上的时间,现在是 12 点。
according to (不能用 by ) her (不能用 me ), the war broke out in 1923.
根据她所说的,那场战争在 1923 年爆发。
将……与……比较,用作介词。例:
compared with / to her mother, she is tall.
和她母亲比起来,她算很高了。
包含,用作介词。例:
i have to prepare food for seven people, including me.
我必须准备包括自己在内 7 个人的食物。
由于……因为……,用作介词。 seeing ( that )由于……;既然……;因为……,用作连词。例:
owing to unfavourable weather, i was unable to carry on with it.
由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。
seeting ( that ) he is ill, he's unlikely to come.
由于生病的缘故,他可能不来了。
由……来判断,用作介词。例:
judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所说的来判断,他一定是个诚实的人。
judging from / by his accent, he must be from guangdong province.
从他的口音来判断,他一定来自广东。
均用作介词,意为关于,就……而言,相当于 about, 但比 about 正式。例:
regarding this point, he is correct.
关于这一点,他是对的。
respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later.
关于你的工资,我们将在以后做出决定。
concerning your letter, i am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.
关于来信,我很高兴地通知你,我们觉得你的计划是可接受的。
如果有……,假定……,考虑到……,既可用作介词,也可用作连词。例:
given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
考虑到他们经验不足,他们的工作做得还不错。
given his support, i think we'll win the election.
若能获得他的支持,我想我们会赢得这次选举。
用作连词,意为就算……,假定……,纵使……,姑且承认
例 granted / granting you are right, i won't do it.
就算你说的是正确的,我也不打算做那事。
(用于句首,与 let's 连用)意为假定……假使例:
assuming / say ( let's say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?
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