每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

托福 听力 分数篇一

语速快（point易漏）记下所有的提问

学生问答、自问自答必考 评论必考 例子必考 废话必考

把所有重复的记下

话题

一、教授

1、作业

a、选题（选题换题目）：老师引导你去想 tough decision b、材料：哪儿可能有（研究材料性质：文章、评论、tap）；

更常考：材料不存在->补充材料supplemental（老师诱导去找其他的补充材料)

ask for source material for his paper c、写到一半时，知识点残缺

（interview然后结果不一样：原因：

1、学生的理解有问题（解决：老师再讲一遍课上讲的东西，“孩子，加油”）；

2、学生的数据有问题（老师讲如何正确收集数据，为什么错了，“没关系，我再给你讲一遍”）

d、最后都写完了，拿给老师做最后审查 ① 正常情况：“你写的不错，哪儿好，但是several problem”，老师举现实生活中的例子（experience）作解释； ②（常考）写的特别好，老师感兴趣的点，“你是如何想到去采访这个人？详细说明”，“你能不能再把它写长点，把project做大，投稿/在课上做个presentation）

submit a piece of writing for publication

general or casual idea 大致的想法

an increase in the quantity of certain gases in earth's atmosphere

get a position as reporter/

2、课上问题

开头废话：“下周有个quiz，但我第三章有问题”，老师说“这个东西不考”但会给

予讲解，考试前去问老师。

开始讲：一般围绕某一个词（词义，理论是怎么回事儿），都是解释性的。

3、志愿者

主动找老师作志愿者：为什么找他（experience，resume）；讨论有没有pay（food）； 是否可以帮忙（拍马屁）：

1、事情是什么

2、有什么意义（重要信息：时间 fit into my schedule（评论：是否available，考虑是否太长太短；地点，考虑是否便利）

3、目的（为了加分：extra credit，credit is awarded（一般没有加分，“目前没有，但报的同学比较少，为吸引人报名可能会有加分”）老师来找学生（好处）

invite the student to work on a committee

二、图书馆

1、找不到书：为什么找不到（连书名都不知道，要找一个评论但不知道去哪儿找，管理员会告诉你在哪儿，还可能进行讨论（“我曾经看过，还有video tape”））

类别

地点（第一个地儿如果没有就去另一个地儿找）

通过什么方式找（computer，啊我都不知道，怎么上网找，回家找，找不到，还是在这儿找吧）

2、漏洞bug：过期书催还（解决办法：借别的书，复印，….）to find out if he needs to immediately return a book

3、介绍图书馆（不怎么考了已经，因为过简单）：介绍parking，怎么停车，怎么拿parking card

三、注册中心 registration office

要选课：sign up for the course

optional class

a、手动选课：

为什么要选这个课（大四了；是其他课的先修课；非常感兴趣）

为什么没选上（不在场别人帮、（最常见）这课需要别的先修课但我没有修-）

会看其他课类似课是否有修，我还有经验资质）

选上课但没有上（原因：没有收到cancel通知email问题，我没通知inform

学校）

d、毕不了业（解决：继续上；给出qualifications证明自己能力经验）

新托福听力场景汇总之conversation篇

1.课程相关事务场景

 场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。 常见套路：

（1）和考试相关：考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数（2）和课程相关：课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业

（3）和作业相关：作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关（4）和论文相关：论文的分数  场景词汇：

 discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide（幻灯片）, library, collection, check, librarian  report, office hour, submit（提交）, on disk, hard copy（复印件）,soft copy, computer, print, computer lab  project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, presentation, complete  term paper（学期报告）, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version（剪接的版本）, submit, overtired（劳累过度）, stressed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft（草稿）, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, extention（延伸），discuss, check back（查阅记录，核对）, re-reading, submission（提交物）

 information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator（监考人）, sign up（注册）, sheet, bulletin board（布告牌）, faculty lounge（教师休息室）, square, draft, dean（院长，系主任）, review, draw up（起草）, manually（手动的）, consult（请教，查阅）, register  physiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer（转让，转移，调任）, begin my first lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process（过程，方法，步骤）of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentation  final exam, midterm, multiple（多重的）choice question, essay question, comprehensive exam, the subject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problems  school bulletin, required writing course, first year student, third year student, research paper, sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic（选题）, final format（最终的格式）, presentation, hand in, assignment, final grade  class meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision（修正，复习，修订本）, grade  research paper（研究论文，研究报告）, due, proposed topics, make comment, the most frequent problem, broad, preliminary outline（初步的轮廓）, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two pages long, thesis statement（论文观点）, precise statement, conclusion  workshop（研讨会，讲习班）, intensive（加强）techniques and skills, personal attention, register, advantage  consecutive（连续的）summer, community center（社区活动中心）, seminar（讨论班）, workshop, beginning students, advanced students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, information  discuss, schedule, midterm, administer, attendance, optional class（选修课） 场景例题：

2.相关事务+专业讨论场景

 场景特点：场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄，结尾老师会总结收场，中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。 常见套路：

（1）开头寒暄套路（2）结尾总结套路  场景词汇：

 场景例题：见专业段落

3.选课场景

 场景特点：一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课，一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。开场白部分即可判定其为选课场景，文章内容和结构都相对固定。 常见套路：

（1）文章的主题：why does the woman come to see the man? what is the topic of the conversation? what is the main subject of the conversation?（2）老师对学生的疑问：what does the professor concern about?  课程太难听不懂

 学生选课太多跟不上can't keep up  学生基础太差

（3）学生对自己情况的分析（4）关于退课和放弃课程

（5）文章结尾的延伸：what is the teacher going to do next? what is the student going to do next? what does the student feel at the end of the conversation?  场景词汇：

 course, semester, summer session(暑期辅导，暑期班), elective, bird course, splendor, lecture hall（大讲堂，演讲厅）, lab, tough decision（艰难的决定）, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign up  inquiry, credit course, off-campus, program, remote, access, internet, degree, distance education, diploma（证书）, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date（指定日期，固定日期）, history 490  drop, fail, math 101, rough（艰难的）, test, med school  use your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-science major, be weak in, do poorly in, meet at the same time, modern drama course  semester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified（能胜任）, hard time keep up, favorite interest, challenging, easy grade  permission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course, catalog, instructor, previous experience, formal training, decision  signature, schedule card, advisor’s approval, quite a heavy load, drop the course, seminar  sign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level（中级）, grade, regular meeting  transfer（转学，调任）, bachelor’s degree, associate, selective, letters of recommendation（推荐信） hard course, rehearsal（练习，训练，排练，预演）, extra time, once a week  flight program, degree, license（执照）, excellent reputation（声誉，名望）, selective,  场景例题：

4.迟到旷课场景

 场景特点：一个学生由于迟到或者旷课而向另外一个学生询问上课的内容。 常见套路：

（1）学生旷课迟到的理由：why was the man late for class?

 车坏了  得病了  睡过了

（2）所缺课程的主题：what is the topic of the professor’s lecture which the man has missed?（3）学生补课的套路

（4）结尾的保证：what does the man promise to do?  场景词汇：

 feel good, cover, lecture, point out, chapter, textbook, part, divide, project, focus, due, show up, note, transcribe（转录，抄写）, email  oversleep, talk about  trouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admission（进入许可，录用）

 fill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebody’s lecture, note, make sense  场景例题：

5.转学场景

 场景特点：学生想要转学或者转专业，可以涉及的话题还包括转专业申请文书的写作等。 常见套路：

（1）学生转学转专业的理由？why does the student go to see the professor? why does the professor consider unusual about the student’s background?（2）学生转学的特殊情况（3）学生应该怎样去做  场景词汇：

 public university, private university, community college, reputation, class size, personal attention, individual attention, interact（互相影响）, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special 6.实验室场景

 场景特点：有些课是在实验室上的，就会涉及到实验室专门的词汇和专业内容背景。 常见套路：（1）实验室课程的专门用语（2）实验室设备的专门用语  场景词汇：

 laboratory, research procedure, lab assistant, retrieve information（提取信息）, track the course（跟踪过程）, monitor, track the progress  lab instructor（辅导员）, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, lab notebook, proper precautions, protective goggles（防护镜）, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metal  workbook, material, experiment, available 7.图书馆场景

 场景特点：学生和图书馆相关的场景，包括借书还书，图书馆设施，图书馆内遇到的问题麻烦等。 常见套路：

（1）美国大学图书馆的基本制度

（2）图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施（3）借书还书相关以及遇到的各种问题  场景词汇：

 library, check out, spread out, focus, jam（堵塞，困境）, spot, crowd, comfy（=comfort）, far away  due, finish, renew（续借）, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine, overdue（过期的）, pay, process, sign, suspend（延缓，推迟）, privilege（特权，基本权利） librarian, facilities, reference room, reference material, dictionary, bibliography（参考书）, literature guide, telephone book, periodical（期刊）room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal（学报，学术期刊）, current issue（现刊）, older issue, card catalog（卡片目录）, listed by title, by author and by topic, call number（图书编目号码） return, shelves, check out, reserve book（库存书不能外借）, overnigh use  secondhand bookstore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetry book  paperback section, index（索引） exit gate, check out  reserve, additional copy, article  场景例题：

8.课堂内容讨论场景

 场景特点：学生课下对于课堂的某些问题的讨论，可能涉及作业、教师等话题  常见套路：

（1）讨论课堂留下的作业。（2）讨论老师教学质量。

（3）涉及课堂内容，比如学生没有听懂课下讨论上课的某一问题。9.奖学金场景

 场景特点：学生与奖学金助学金相关的问题咨询工作人员。 常见套路：

（1）咨询奖学金的种类

（2）奖学金授予的资格：what can be inferred about the qualifications to apply for bursaries（助学金）?（3）如何申请奖学金（4）奖学金申请的材料（5）申请到奖学金的可能性

（6）奖学金的网站：what is the student most likely to do after this conversation?  场景词汇：

 scholarship, bursary（助学金）, department, information, financial aid, monetary（['mʌnitəri]货币的财政的）, grant, determine, committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, out-of-town（外地的）, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in person  scholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for, applicant, committee, honor, award, exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade point average(gpa), percent, website, address, rigorous（严格的，严厉的，严密的, 严酷的），extra-curricular（课外的）, hardship, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job（耗时的工作）, recommend, eligibility（适任,合格），enrollment（登记，入伍）

 场景例题：

10.论文场景

 场景特点：学生与写论文相关的问题和教授讨论。内容和结构相对固定。 常见套路：

（1）论文题目选定

（2）论文中包括的资料查找：what information will the man include in his report?（3）老师对论文的后续服务：what does the professor offer to do for the man?  场景词汇：

 organize, essay, topic, chosen, broad, narrow it down（缩小）, compare, focused, interested, begin, discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics（统计）, percentage, include, words, rough draft（草稿）, outline, break down, subtopic, office hour, reference, material  research paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progress（工程进度） report, subject, catalog, published source, gather material  information, plagiarize（['pleidʒjəraiz]剽窃，抄袭）, failing grade（不及格）, gather, note, assimilate the information thoroughly（完全吸收）, paraphrase, capture the main idea（捕获主要想法）, quote directly（直接引用）, finalize（完成，使结束）the research paper  draft, pass it out in our classes, clear up（解决）the problem  场景例题： 11.实地考查场景

 场景特点：指学生field trip、field test野外实地考查的相关，或者外出的各种活动，比如采访等等。 常见套路：

（1）where? field trip的目的地destination（2）when? 要去多久？何时走？何时回？（3）who? 哪些人去？哪个年级去？（4）how? 怎么去？（5）why? 目的是什么？

（6）注意事项announcement，比如带哪些东西，不带哪些东西  场景词汇：

 list, supply, on site, kit（工具装备）, notebook, axe, glove, instrument, measure, clean, cancel, weather, clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, dig  trip leader, participate, report, field trip  场景例题：

12.体育运动场景

 场景特点：和学生体育运动相关的场景。重点掌握美国大学生所进行的常见体育运动。 常见套路：

（1）托福听力中曾经出现过的体育运动项目（2）每个运动项目的标志词

（3）每个运动项目所常提及的话题（4）每个运动项目的背景知识  场景词汇：  场景例题：

 spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine（体能常规）, bicyclist, expert riders  endurance test（耐力测验）, recreational（休闲的，消遣的）cyclists, racers  ski patrol, ski patroller, safety  physical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle（皮带扣）, safety equipment, climbing trip 13.游玩场景

 场景特点：和学生出游度假等有关。可以设计度假旅游、周末休闲、郊游活动、电影音乐会等话题。 常见套路：

（1）出游的目的（2）出游的具体计划（3）出游的内容（4）出游遇到的问题  场景词汇：  场景例题：

 break, racket, reserve a court（预定球场） rock concert, vacation, weather 14.打工场景

 场景特点：一类是招工场景；一类是学生之间、学生和老师之间谈论工作的场景。 常见套路：

（1）托福中学生经常从事的工作

 teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant  各种商业部门的工作  家庭服务性工作

 与本专业、或比较有趣的工作

（2）工作的内容

（3）申请的手续和流程

 应聘的资格

 工作的待遇和时间  手续问题

 工作的具体内容

 场景词汇：

 summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice, wonderful, dilemma（[di'lemə, ,dai-] 困境）, difficult decision, plan, volunteer, ngo（民间组织，非政府组织）, chance, share, interesting, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, advice  tough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night（上考场）, part-time, money, board, balance, hit the book（预习功课）, energy, tired, sleep, consolation（慰问，安慰）, get through, fun，fondness（爱好）

 announcement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research, daily  laboratory assistant, fill out an application（填申请表）, fit into my schedule  variety of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service, positions are open, link of service, career training（职业训练，专业训练）, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food allowance（补助）, additional information  internship program（实习计划）, advanced planning, career opportunities, working experience, short term experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise（监督管理指导），hand out, career advisory service, living expence  场景例题： 15.学生组织活动场景

 场景特点：学生介绍自己组织或者参与的一个活动。 常见套路：

（1）学生经常参加和组织的活动

 班级竞选  减肥  公益活动

（2）活动的目的：what is the main reason for the woman to participate this activity?（3）分发handout：（4）活动的具体内容  场景词汇：

 run, marathon, motivator, back into shape（重塑题型）, inspire（激发，鼓舞）, running buddies, positive, sponsor（赞助者，主办方，保证人）, tons of money（无数的钱）, cause  introduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni（pl.男毕业生） 场景例题：

16.报到注册场景

 场景特点：新生报到注册时候遇到的问题。 常见套路：

（1）报到注册的时间（2）报到注册的准备材料（3）报到注册可能遇到的问题  场景词汇：

 registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designated date, specific time, admission letter, continuing students, average, previous, session（会议，学期，开学）, pay, credit card, bank, teller, confirmation slip（确认单）, in person  registration, date, newly admitted student, undergraduate, junior, sophomore, returning student, senior, check, pay attention, time, register, designated time, pay, fee, financial aid, financial officer, sponsor, authorization letter（授权书，授权信）, on-line  场景例题：

17.校园生活场景

 场景特点：关于学生租房子或者宿舍相关的话题场景。 常见套路：

（1）房子条件差（2）与室友很难相处（3）找房子租

（4）学校房子的管理制度  场景词汇：

 move, accent, pod, international group, major, lucky, excellent, booklet, regulation（管理，规则，校准）, rule, conductive, quiet policy, problem, allow, smoke, cook, plug（插头，塞子，栓）, dryer, voltage, alarm, kitchen, leftover（剩余物）, clean-up day, hot water, meter, washroom, laundry facility,洗衣设备），basement（地下室）, conserving energy, lounge area（休息室）, heat, air-conditioning, permit, hallway, community space, prior notification（事先通知）, safe, valuable, housekeeper, vacuum cleaner, lock, key, check, fire prevention equipment, cover, overnight visitor, arrange, in advance, religious propaganda（宣传）, dorm, furnishing, park  roommate, dormitory, unpacking our things, neat  housing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities, need a car to commute, noisy, peace and quiet

 winter break, dean, vacation arrangement, fill up the forms（填满表格）, heating cost, temporary accommodation（临时住宿） housing director, checkout procedure, leave for vacation, return your key, summer maintenance crew, residence advisor, pass around  apartment, dump（垃圾场，倾倒）, functional, noisy  场景例题：

18.医院场景

 场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。 常见套路：

（1）常见病症的词汇（2）常见治疗手段的词汇（3）治病的常见句型总结  场景词汇：

 diagnose（诊断，判断）, patient’s illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, x rays, side effect, uncomfortable, endure pain（忍耐痛苦）, health care  medical clinic and infirmary（医务室，养老院）, nursing staff, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia（肺炎）, stay in the infirmary, don’t feel well, rest more and skip a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency number  modern medical facility, health needs, dental clinic, operating room, special surgery, surgeons，physicians  student health services, blood pressure, university nutritionists, processed foods, university hospital  pain, discharge, slight（轻微的）earache, take it easy  prevention, symptoms（症状）, cough, fever, funny nose, head and bones ache, chill, flu, influenza, overtired, stressed out, exposure to virus, sneeze, airborne virus, body’s resistance（身体抗体）, ward off（避开）the flu, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune system, fight off illness, immunized, vaccine（疫苗）, university health center