最新大学英语summary(通用三篇)

大学英语summary篇一

right to import and distribute

trading rights and distribution are among the top concerns for . manufacturers and agricultural exporters. at present, china severely restricts trading rights (the right to import and export) and the ability to own and operate distribution networks. under the agreement, trading rights and distribution services will be progressively phased in over three years. china will also open up sectors related to distribution services, such as repair and maintenance, warehousing, trucking and air courier services.

services

china has made commitments to phase out most restrictions in a broad range of services sectors, including distribution, banking, insurance, telecommunications, professional services such as accountancy and legal consulting, business and computer related services, motion pictures and video and sound recording services. china will also participate in the basic telecommunications and financial services agreements.

grandfathering

china will grandfather the existing level of market access already in effect at the time of chinas accession for . services companies currently operating in china. this will protect existing american businesses operating under contractual or shareholder agreements or a license from new restrictions as china phases in their commitments.

distribution and related services

china generally prohibits foreign firms from distributing products other than those they make in china, or from controlling their own distribution networks. under the agreement, china has agreed to liberalize wholesaling and retailing services for most products, including imported goods, throughout china in three years. in addition, china has agreed to open up the logistical chain of related services such as maintenance and repair, storage and warehousing , packaging, advertising, trucking and

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大学英语summary篇二

summary of bilateral wto agreement(4)

protocol provisions

commitments in chinas wto protocol and working party report establish rights and obligations enforceable through wto dispute settlement procedures. we have agreed on key provisions relating to antidumping and subsidies, protection against import surges, technology transfer requirements, and offsets, as well as practices of state?owned and state?invested enterprises. these rules are of special importance to . workers and business.

china has agreed to implement the trims agreement upon accession, eliminate and cease enforcing trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, as well as local content requirements, refuse to enforce contracts imposing these requirements, and only impose or enforce laws or other provisions relating to the transfer of technology or other know-how, if they are in accordance with the wto agreements on protection of intellectual property rights and trade?related investment measures.

these provisions will also help protect american firms against forced technology transfers. china has agreed that, upon accession, it will not condition investment approvals, import licenses, or any other import approval process on performance requirements of any kind, including: local content requirements, offsets, transfer of technology, or requirements to conduct research and development in china.

antidumping and subsidies methodology

the agreed protocol provisions ensure that american firms and workers will have strong protection against unfair trade practices including dumping and subsidies. the . and china have agreed that we will be able to maintain our current antidumping methodology (treating china as a non-market economy) in future anti-dumping cases. this provision will remain in force for 15 years after chinas accession to the wto. moreover, when we apply our countervailing duty law to china we will be able to

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大学英语summary篇三

题目描述：

given a sorted integer array without duplicates, return the summary of its ranges.

for example, given [0,1,2,4,5,7], return [0->2,4->5,7].

credits:

special thanks to @ for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

就是给定一个已排序的数组，返回一个字符串数组，每个字符串表示为元素区间的合并，

本题是典型的two pointer 问题。

思路：

一次遍历，使用two pointer方法，from 表示区间的起始元素，to表示区间的结束元素。

如果相邻元素nums[i]和nums[i-1]差值为1，区间范围+1：to = nums[i] ，注意最后元素的处理。

否则：

如果from不等于to：

将range = [from,to]添加到解集中，并更新from的位置。

如果from和to相等：

将range=from(或to)添加到解集

注意末尾元素的判断（如果已打末尾，添加末尾元素）

实现代码：

public class solution { public ilistsummaryranges(int[] nums) { if( == 0){return new list; } if( == 1){return new list(){nums[0].tostring()}; } var from = nums[0]; var to = nums[0]; var ret = new list(); for(var i = 1 ;i < ; i++){if(nums[i] - nums[i-1] == 1){ to = nums[i]; if(i == - 1){ (({0}->{1}, from , to)); }}else{ if(from != to){ (({0}->{1}, from , to)); if(i == - 1 && to != nums[ - 1]){ (nums[i].tostring()); } } else{ (()); if(i == - 1){ (nums[i].tostring()); } } from = nums[i]; to = nums[i];} } return ret; }}